Random Topics from Fitzgerald Flashcards
Mammography at age
40 annually
Hypocalcemia correction with low albumin
add 0.8 md/dL calcium for every 1 gram albumin below 4
Medications that cause hyperkalemia
ACE-I
Heparin
NSAIDs
Opioid antagonists
Butorphanol
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Pentazocine
Complications of Acute Rhinosinusits
Orbital cellulitis
Osteomyelitis
Sinus Thrombosis
Treatment duration for ARS
No risk for resistance and 1st line therapy works= 5-7 days
Resistance7-10 days
Causes of chronic glaucoma
ethnicity, age, near-sightedness, DM
S/S of acute closed narrow angle glaucoma
ipsilateral HA blurry vision severe periorbital pain Halos around objects pain with eye movement
Normal variant in eye exam for contact wearers
absence of corneal reflex
Assessment of Asthma
Classify severity
Asthma control
Two medications that help with allergies in asthma
Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) -lukast
Omalizumab
When to consider and when to consult asthma specialist
Consider at stage 3
Consult at stage 4
both if required
Intubation criteria for asthma exacerbation
after 1 hour of treatment PEF/FEV1 42 absence of wheezing drowsiness confusion bradycardia
Assessment of COPD
Exacerbation risk
Symptom assessment
Spirometric assessment
Steroid dose and duration for COPD exacerbation
40 mg/day for 5 days
Mild-Moderate COPD exacerbation requiring abx
Amoxicillin
Doxycycline
Bactrim
Severe COPD exacerbation requiring abx
Augmentin Cephalosporin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Fluoroquinolone
Booster phenomenon in TB
elders; infected long ago have initial negative mantoux but a positive mantoux when retested up to 1 year later due to first test boosting immune response
Two-step testing in TB
strategy to distinguish a boost reaction
Person with negative mantoux is retested 1-3 weeks later
Positive with second test= boosted reaction, not recent infection
PPD for TB
tests for exposure
can produce false positives
IGRA for TB
used for people who received BCG vaccine
useful in people who do not follow-up with skin tests
Pt should have either TST (mantoux) or IGRA not both
Most common cause of fatal CAP
Strep. pneumoniae
Pneumonia associated with close proximity to crowded areas
M. pneumoniae
C. pneumoniae
CURB-65
Confusion
Urea (BUN >19)
RR >30
BP 65