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ACNP REVIEW > Random Topics from Fitzgerald > Flashcards

Random Topics from Fitzgerald Flashcards

1
Q

Mammography at age

A

40 annually

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2
Q

Hypocalcemia correction with low albumin

A

add 0.8 md/dL calcium for every 1 gram albumin below 4

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3
Q

Medications that cause hyperkalemia

A

ACE-I
Heparin
NSAIDs

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4
Q

Opioid antagonists

A

Butorphanol
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Pentazocine

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5
Q

Complications of Acute Rhinosinusits

A

Orbital cellulitis
Osteomyelitis
Sinus Thrombosis

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6
Q

Treatment duration for ARS

A

No risk for resistance and 1st line therapy works= 5-7 days

Resistance7-10 days

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7
Q

Causes of chronic glaucoma

A

ethnicity, age, near-sightedness, DM

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8
Q

S/S of acute closed narrow angle glaucoma

A 
ipsilateral HA
blurry vision
severe periorbital pain
Halos around objects
pain with eye movement
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9
Q

Normal variant in eye exam for contact wearers

A

absence of corneal reflex

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10
Q

Assessment of Asthma

A

Classify severity

Asthma control

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11
Q

Two medications that help with allergies in asthma

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) -lukast

Omalizumab

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12
Q

When to consider and when to consult asthma specialist

A

Consider at stage 3
Consult at stage 4

both if required

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13
Q

Intubation criteria for asthma exacerbation

A 
after 1 hour of treatment PEF/FEV1 42
absence of wheezing
drowsiness
confusion
bradycardia
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14
Q

Assessment of COPD

A

Exacerbation risk
Symptom assessment
Spirometric assessment

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15
Q

Steroid dose and duration for COPD exacerbation

A

40 mg/day for 5 days

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16
Q

Mild-Moderate COPD exacerbation requiring abx

A

Amoxicillin
Doxycycline
Bactrim

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17
Q

Severe COPD exacerbation requiring abx

A 
Augmentin
Cephalosporin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Fluoroquinolone
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18
Q

Booster phenomenon in TB

A

elders; infected long ago have initial negative mantoux but a positive mantoux when retested up to 1 year later due to first test boosting immune response

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19
Q

Two-step testing in TB

A

strategy to distinguish a boost reaction

Person with negative mantoux is retested 1-3 weeks later

Positive with second test= boosted reaction, not recent infection

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20
Q

PPD for TB

A

tests for exposure

can produce false positives

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21
Q

IGRA for TB

A

used for people who received BCG vaccine
useful in people who do not follow-up with skin tests
Pt should have either TST (mantoux) or IGRA not both

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22
Q

Most common cause of fatal CAP

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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23
Q

Pneumonia associated with close proximity to crowded areas

A

M. pneumoniae

C. pneumoniae

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24
Q

CURB-65

A

Confusion
Urea (BUN >19)
RR >30
BP 65

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25
Q

Admission for ICU with pneumonia

A

Shock or Respiratory failure
Or three minor criteria:
RR greater than 30, PaO2/FiO2 less than 250, Multilobar infiltrates, Confusion, BUN above 20, WBC under 4000, Platelets under 1000
Temp under 36.3, Hypotension requiring fluid resusc

26
Q

Diagnostic criteria and management of ARDS

A

bilateral infiltrates
PA wedge pressure less than 19
PaO2/FiO2 under 200

TV 6ml/kg
Rate 10
PEEP 5-10
Sedation and paralyzing for compliance

27
Q

LAMA mechanism of action (tiotropium)

A

anti-inflammatory

mucolytic activity

28
Q

Highest risk for PE

29
Q

Biggest lifestyle modification to reduce HTN

A

weight loss (5-20 mmHg per 10 kg weight loss)

30
Q

HTN medication class not to be used with heart failure

31
Q

Aldosterone risk with prolonged use

A

gynecomastia

32
Q

abrupt withdrawal of clonidine can lead to

A

rebound HTN

33
Q

Goal BP reduction in HTN urgency and emergency

A

Urgency: hours
Emergency: reduce MAP no more than 25% within 2 hours then toward 160/100 within 2-6 hours

34
Q

High risk unstable angina

A 
worsening mitral regurg
hemodynamic instability
sustained VT
PCI within 6 months
high TIMI/GRACE score
Reduce LV EF
35
Q

Treatment in Chronic HF

A

Ace-I
Beta-blockers
Control comorbidities
Diuresis

36
Q

Treatment of Acute HF

A
  1. Vasodilator
    MSO4
    Diuresis 1-2x daily amount
    Inotropes
37
Q

Acute HF S/S

A 
dyspnea at rest
coarse rales
S3
no peripheral S/S
Kerley lines
38
Q

Chronic HF S/S

A 
dyspnea with exertion
redistribution of flow on X-ray
JVD
abdominal discomfort
peripheral edema
39
Q

Staging of HF (A-D)

A

A: high risk without structural disease or symptoms
B: Structural disease without symptoms
C: Structural and symptoms
D: Refractory HF

40
Q

Treatment of pericarditis

A

pain meds
NSAIDs (not in renal failure)
Steroids

41
Q

Phases of cardiac rehab

A

1: inpatient at hospital
2: medically supervised
3: daily life

42
Q

target HR for patients with ischemic changes

A

10 bpm below level of ischemia

must be above resting HR

43
Q

Most important risk factor in CAD

A

family history

44
Q

HgbA1C percents with correlating glucose

A 
5%- 97
6%- 126
7%- 154
8%- 183
9%- 212
10%- 240
11%-269
12%- 298
45
Q

First line treatment in untreated hyperthyroidism

A

non-selective BB
Nadolol
Propranolol

Treatment
PTU
RAI

46
Q

Signs of addisons disease

A 
fatigue
hypotension
hyperpigmentation
arthralgias
uncontrolled inflammation
47
Q

T score for osteoporosis

A

+1 to -1 Normal

-1 to -2.5 prevention to osteoporosis 1500 mg Ca 800units Vit D

48
Q

Urinary incontinence testing

A

provocative stress testing
PVR
voiding records

49
Q

Short term memory loss in elderly

A

normal age related change

50
Q

medication for depression and appetite stimulation

51
Q

Majority of elderly falls happen

A

in patient’s home

52
Q

Intra-renal failure can lead to ischemia when

A

MAP 30 minutes

53
Q

Lupus like drug reaction (joint pain) in what meds

A 
Procainimide
hydralazine
INH
quinidine
minocycline
diltiazem
54
Q

Pain relief with BM

55
Q

Tension/cramping pain indicates

A

obstruction
gastroenteritis
food-related

56
Q

Inflammatory pain in abd

A

generalized to localized; worse with movement

appendicitis
cholecystitis
pancreatitis

57
Q

Ischemic abd pain

A

deep acute pain, smokers at risk

ischemic bowel
Mesenteric artery infarct

58
Q

Surgical abdomen diagnoses

A

dissecting aneurysm
ectopic pregnancy
appendicitis
perforated organ

59
Q

Non-surgical abdomen diagnoses

A

cholelithiasis
PID
Gastroenteritis

60
Q

Warning signs of surgical abdomen

A 
intractable vomiting
Pain before vomiting
acute steady pain for hours
pain causing syncope
pain that disturbs sleep
pain >6 hours
well localized pain
unrelieved by analgesics
old abdominal scars
61
Q

Wedge pressure in Cardiogenic shock

62
Q

Wedge pressure in Obstructive shock

ACNP REVIEW (32 decks)

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