Infectious Disease

Question 1

Uses for Bactrim (TMP/SMX)

Answer 1

Tree: respiratory tree (S. pneumonia & H. Influenzae) otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia
Mouth: GI diarrhea such as shigella, salmonella, and E. Coli
Pee: GU UTI, prostatitis, urethritis caused by E. Coli
Syndrome: AIDS/HIV covers PJP pneumonia

Question 2

Common pathogens for central line infections

Answer 2

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus, S. Aureus, enterococci, candida

Question 3

Common pathogens for CAP

Answer 3

S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, E. Coli

Question 4

Common pathogens for HAP

Answer 4

Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, E. Coli, Klebsiella

Question 5

Common pathogens for cellulitis

Answer 5

Strep. pyogenes and staph. aureus (often MRSA)

tertiary: S. pneumoniae and beta hemolytic strep

Question 6

Viral URI pathogens

Answer 6

Influenza, RSV, rhinovirus, coronavirus, metapneumonia virus

Question 7

TB treatment

Answer 7

Initial: RIPE for 6 months
Rifampin, Isonizide (INH), Pyroxidine, Ethambutol

Relapsed: Rifampin or INH for 9 months - 1 year

Question 8

Aminoglycosides

Answer 8

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin

SE: ototoxicity

Question 9

Amphenicol

Answer 9

Chloramphenicol

Tox: agranulocytosis; kids: mitochondrial syndrome

Question 10

Carbapenem

Answer 10

Beta-lactam

Ertapenem
Meropenem
Imipenem

Avoid in pts. with seizures

Question 11

Cephalosporins

Answer 11

Beta-lactam

Question 12

First Generation Cephalosporin

Answer 12

Cefazolin
Cephalexin

Good gram (+) coverage

Question 13

Second Generation Cephalosporin

Answer 13

Cefuroxime

Cefoxitin

Question 14

Third Generation Cephalosporin

Answer 14

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cefdinir
Ceftazadime

Question 15

Fourth Generation Cephalosporin

Answer 15

Cefepime

Covers pseudomonas good gram (-)

Question 16

Monobactam

Answer 16

Aztreonam

Gram (-) only, used in PCN/cephalosporin allergy

Question 17

PCN

Answer 17

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Piperacillin

SE: interstitial nephritis

Question 18

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 18

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

SE: tendonitis/rupture

Question 19

Glycopeptides

Answer 19

Vancomycin

Gram (+)
SE: red man syndrome

Question 20

Glycylcine

Answer 20

Tigecycline

Skin and soft tissue infections

SE: GI upset, INCREASED MORTALITY RISK, intractile N/V

Question 21

Lincosamides

Answer 21

Clindamycin

SE: C.Diff

Question 22

Lipopeptide

Answer 22

Daptomycin

Gram (+), poor lung penetration

SE: myopathy/rhabdo

Question 23

Macrolide

Answer 23

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

Tox: QT prolongation

Question 24

PCN combination

Answer 24

Ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn)
Amoxicillin clavulanate (Augmentin)
Pipericillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)

Question 25

Streptogramins

Answer 25

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Tox: myalgia (joint pain)

Question 26

Sulfonamides

Answer 26

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethroprim (Bactrim)

SE: liver/renal toxicity, allergies

Question 27

Tetracyclines

Answer 27

Doxycycline

SE: sun sensitivity, pill esophagitis

Minocycline

SE: blue skin changes, loss of balance

Question 28

Pseudomonal coverage

Answer 28

Aminoglycosides
Meropenem
Imipenem
Ceftazadime
Cefepime
Aztreonam
Pipericillin
Ciprofloxacin
Polymixins

Question 29

MRSA coverage

Answer 29

Ceftaroline
Vancomycin
Tigecycline
Daptomycin
Quinupristin
Linezolid

Question 30

VRE coverage

Answer 30

Tigecycline
Daptomycin
Linezolid

Question 31

Beta-Lactams

Answer 31

Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Penicillins