GI

Question 1

Barret’s Esophagus

Answer 1

precancerous cellular composition change at GE junction due to untreated GERD

Question 2

Sjogren’s syndrome

Answer 2

autoimmune syndrome where WBCs attack salivary and lacrimal glands causing dry eye and dry mouth

Question 3

Achalasia

Answer 3

incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, increased tone, and decreased peristalsis

Question 4

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Answer 4

allergen (food/inhaled), causing reaction, inflammation then esophageal fibrosis

Question 5

Schatzki’s Ring

Answer 5

“Steakhouse syndrome”, GE junction narrowing,intermittent difficulty swallowing solid food

Question 6

Most common cause of duodenal ulcers

Answer 6

H. Pylori

Question 7

Most common cause of gastric ulcers

Answer 7

NSAIDs

Question 8

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Answer 8

pancreatic tumor that stimulates acid-secreting cells in the stomach to maximal activity of gastrin causing ulcers

Question 9

Classic duodenal ulcer symptom

Answer 9

absence of food buffer, 2-5 hours post-prandial (11pm-2am) “hunger pain”
Pain relieved by eating
Gnawing midline (or slightly to the right) pain

Question 10

Common cause of small bowel obstruction in young patients without history of abdominal surgeries

Answer 10

Hernia

Question 11

Most common cause of small bowel obstruction for surgical patients

Answer 11

Adhesions due to multiple abdominal surgeries

Question 12

Most common cause of large bowel obstruction/perforation

Answer 12

colon cancer

Question 13

Epigastric pain shooting to the back

Answer 13

Pancreatitis

Question 14

Intermittent severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and joint pain

Answer 14

Crohns

Question 15

Gastric Ulcer risks and S/S

Answer 15

pain is midline or just to the left
Age >55
GI discomfort with eating
Pain stays with standard treatment
high risk for malignancy

Question 16

PUD management

Answer 16

PPIs are superior
H. Pylori eradication:
MOC- metronidazole+ omeprazole + clarithromycin
AOC- amoxicillin+ omeprazole+ clarithromycin
MOA- metronidazole+ omeprazole+ amoxicillin

Question 17

Indications fo EGD

Answer 17

B- Bleeding
O- odynophagia (painful swallowing)
W- weight loss
E- early satiety
D- Dysphagia

Question 18

Hepatitis A & E (enteral types)

Answer 18

Oral/fecal

Incubation 2-6 weeks

Question 19

Hepatitis B, C, D, G (parenteral types)

Answer 19

Blood/Body fluids

incubation 6 weeks-6 months

Question 20

Diverticulitis

Answer 20

LLQ symptoms
Stools is heme negative typically
Trx: abx, bowel resect, bed rest

Question 21

Murphy’s sign

Answer 21

pain upon palpation of RUQ causing quick inspiration and cessation of breath
Indicates cholecystitis

Question 22

Cullen’s Sign

Answer 22

bluish discoloration around umbilicus

suggestive of retroperitoneal bleed secondary to pancreatitis

Question 23

Grey-Turner sign

Answer 23

reddish-brown discoloration along flanks

Associated with pancreatitis

Question 24

diagnostic radiograph of SBO

Answer 24

horizontal pattern

Question 25

diagnostic radiograph of Large bowel obstruction

Answer 25

frame pattern

Question 26

Obtruator sign

Answer 26

internal rotation of right knee and hip causes pain with appendicitis

Question 27

McBurney’s sign

Answer 27

RLQ pain characteristic of appendicitis

Question 28

Ranson criteria

Answer 28

Tool for predicting the prognosis for pancreatitis

It is evaluated at admission and again 48 hours later.
7 risk factors = 100% mortality

Question 29

Alvarado Score

Answer 29

Appendicitis scoring
Right lower quadrant tenderness, fever, rebound tenderness, pain radiates to RLQ, anorexia, N/V, leukocytosis, leukocyte left shift