neph

Question 1

Chronic renal disease

Answer 1

Decrease in renal function/glomerular filtration usually as the result of a chronic or destructive renal disease. The stages of CKD are not reversible - you can never restore lost function, only prevent worsening.

Most common cause: diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephroscleropathy

Question 2

Stage I CKD

Answer 2

GFR > 90

Question 3

Stage II CKD

Answer 3

GFR 60-89

Question 4

Stage III CKD

Answer 4

GFR 30-59

Question 5

Stage IV CKD

Answer 5

GFR 15-29

Question 6

Stage V CKD

Answer 6

GFR < 15. Requires dialysis or transplant

Question 7

FeNa

Answer 7

Most sensitive differential test for acute renal failure.

1% = renal

Question 8

Most common cause of pre-renal failure

Answer 8

dehydration and CHF

Question 9

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 9

Most common in summer months. Calcium stones are the most common.

For stones <6mm, treatment is pain control and fluids

First imaging to do is xray; best imaging to do is CT