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PE - physiological factors > Resp System - Exercise & Recovery > Flashcards

Resp System - Exercise & Recovery Flashcards

1
Q

mechanics of breathing exercise - inspiration (4)

A
  • diaphragm contracts (flattens) with MORE force
  • external intercostals contract (ribs up & out) with MORE force
  • GREATER increase thoracic cavity volume
  • sternocleidomastoid START to contract (extra muscle)
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2
Q

mechanics of breathing exercise - expiration (4)

A
  • diaphragm relaxes (pushed up) MORE force
  • external intercostals relax (ribs in & down) MORE force
  • GREATER decrease thoracic cavity volume
  • internal intercostals START to contract (extra muscle)
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3
Q

what does the respiratory control centre do

A

regulates pulmonary respiration (breathing)

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4
Q

2 areas of respiratory control centre & what they’re responsible for

A
  • inspiratory control centre
  • expiratory control centre
  • responsible or stimulation of respiratory muscles at rest & exercise
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5
Q

where is respiratory control centre located & what sends it messages

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • receptors
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6
Q

where are messages from respiratory control centre sent down & what as

A
  • phrenic nerve
  • electrical impulse
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7
Q

where are messages from phrenic nerve sent to

A

respiratory muscles

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8
Q

what does the message to the respiratory muscles cause (2)

A
  • Diaphragm & external intercostals contract with more force
  • sternocleidomastoid & internal intercostals start to contract
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9
Q

which receptors send messages to inspiratory control centre (3)

A
  • chemo-receptors
  • proprio-receptors
  • thermo-receptors
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10
Q

which receptors send messages to expiratory control centre

A

baro-receptors

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11
Q

what is the anticipatory rise of minute ventilation (stage 1) (2)

A
  • increase in minute ventilation before start to exercise
  • due to adrenaline released
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12
Q

what is the rapid rise in minute ventilation (stage 2) (2)

A
  • rapid rise at start of exercise
  • due to receptors recognising exercise has begun
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13
Q

what is slower increase/plateau of minute ventilation - sub-maximal activity - aerobic (stage 3) (2)

A
  • minute ventilation reaches point where oxygen needed by working muscles = sufficient to meet demands of exercise intensity
  • minute ventilation doesn’t need to increase or decrease - stays at constant level - steady state
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14
Q

what happens during continued but slower increase of minute ventilation - maximal exercise - anaerobic (stage 4) (3)

A
  • minute ventilation gradually increases
  • cannot sustain maximal exercise for long duration - reach point where body cannot provide enough oxygen to clear waste products (LA & CO2)
  • this point called OBLA
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15
Q

what happens during rapid decrease in minute ventilation (stage 5) (3)

A
  • when exercise stops
  • receptors top sending messages to respiratory control centre
  • respiratory muscles stop contracting with as much force & sternocleidomastoid & internal intercostals stop contracting completely
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16
Q

what happens during gradual decrease minute ventilation to pre-exercise state (stage 6)

A

gradual decrease of minute ventilation to return body to pre-exercise state

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17
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of gasses across a membrane (one cell thick) from area high to low pressure

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18
Q

what is diffusion gradient

A

difference in pressures separated by membrane - different on one side to another

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19
Q

what does pressure diffuse from and to

A

high to low

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20
Q

what impartial pressure

A

gasses own pressure in an area

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21
Q

what is a low partial pressure

A

less particles of gas in an area = less particle collisions = lower pressure

22
Q

what is high partial pressure

A

greater number particles of gas in an area = greater number particle collisions = higher pressure

23
Q

external respiration:
what is the pp O2 in alveoli

A

high

24
Q

external respiration:
what is pp O2 in capillary/blood

A

low

25
Q

external respiration:
where will O2 move from and to

A

high pressure in alveoli to low pressure in blood across diffusion gradient

26
Q

external respiration:
what is pp CO2 in alveoli

A

low

27
Q

external respiration:
what is pp CO2 in capillary/blood

A

high

28
Q

external respiration:
where will CO2 move from and to

A

high pressure in blood to low pressure in alveoli across diffusion gradient

29
Q

what does haemoglobin do

A

carries oxygen in blood to working muscles

30
Q

how does haemoglobin carry oxygen

A

oxygen attaches to haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin

31
Q

how is carbon dioxide carried in blood from working muscles (2)

A
  • in blood plasma
  • by haemoglobin as carboaminohaemoglobin
32
Q

where is myoglobin found

A

muscle cells

33
Q

why is oxygen more likely to take to myoglobin than haemoglobin & why is this beneficial

A
  • oxygen has 240x higher affinity for myoglobin than haemoglobin
  • more oxygen moves into working muscles
34
Q

internal respiration:
what is pp O2 in blood/capillary

A

high

35
Q

internal respiration:
what is pp O2 in muscle cell

A

low

36
Q

internal respiration:
where will oxygen move from and to

A

high pressure in blood to low pressure in muscle cell across diffusion gradient

37
Q

internal respiration:
what is pp CO2 in muscle cell

A

high

38
Q

internal respiration:
what is pp CO2 in blood/capillary

A

low

39
Q

internal respiration:
where will carbon dioxide move from and to

A

high pressure in muscle cell to low pressure in blood across diffusion gradient

40
Q

4 factors that increase dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin in internal respiration

A
  • increased blood & muscle temperature
  • decreased pp O2 in muscle - increases diffusion gradient
  • increased pp CO2 in muscle
  • BOHR effect ( increased pp CO2 in blood = increased acidity in muscles & blood -> diffusion gradient will increase)w
41
Q

what is it called when oxygen bonds with haemoglobin

A

association

42
Q

what is it called when oxygen breaks its bond from haemoglobin

A

dissociation

43
Q

what happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during exercise

A

increases

44
Q

what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen during exercise

A

decreases

45
Q

what does an increased diffusion gradient cause

A

increases diffusion of gases

46
Q

what % of oxygen dissociates from haemoglobin at rest

A

25% - goes into working muscles

47
Q

what happens to oxygen dissociation curve when exercising

A

graph curve shifts right

48
Q

what % of oxygen dissociates from haemoglobin during exercise

A

75%

49
Q

why does more oxygen dissociate from haemoglobin during exercise (4)

A
  • CO2 diffusion gradient = steeper - ore CO2 out of working muscles
  • increased blood & muscle temp
  • increased blood acidity (decreased pH)
  • O2 diffusion gradient increased - more O2 in working muscles
50
Q

what happens to oxygen dissociation curve when exercise stops

A

graph curve shifts left

PE - physiological factors (31 decks)

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