Resp System - Exercise & Recovery Flashcards
mechanics of breathing exercise - inspiration (4)
- diaphragm contracts (flattens) with MORE force
- external intercostals contract (ribs up & out) with MORE force
- GREATER increase thoracic cavity volume
- sternocleidomastoid START to contract (extra muscle)
mechanics of breathing exercise - expiration (4)
- diaphragm relaxes (pushed up) MORE force
- external intercostals relax (ribs in & down) MORE force
- GREATER decrease thoracic cavity volume
- internal intercostals START to contract (extra muscle)
what does the respiratory control centre do
regulates pulmonary respiration (breathing)
2 areas of respiratory control centre & what they’re responsible for
- inspiratory control centre
- expiratory control centre
- responsible or stimulation of respiratory muscles at rest & exercise
where is respiratory control centre located & what sends it messages
- medulla oblongata
- receptors
where are messages from respiratory control centre sent down & what as
- phrenic nerve
- electrical impulse
where are messages from phrenic nerve sent to
respiratory muscles
what does the message to the respiratory muscles cause (2)
- Diaphragm & external intercostals contract with more force
- sternocleidomastoid & internal intercostals start to contract
which receptors send messages to inspiratory control centre (3)
- chemo-receptors
- proprio-receptors
- thermo-receptors
which receptors send messages to expiratory control centre
baro-receptors
what is the anticipatory rise of minute ventilation (stage 1) (2)
- increase in minute ventilation before start to exercise
- due to adrenaline released
what is the rapid rise in minute ventilation (stage 2) (2)
- rapid rise at start of exercise
- due to receptors recognising exercise has begun
what is slower increase/plateau of minute ventilation - sub-maximal activity - aerobic (stage 3) (2)
- minute ventilation reaches point where oxygen needed by working muscles = sufficient to meet demands of exercise intensity
- minute ventilation doesn’t need to increase or decrease - stays at constant level - steady state
what happens during continued but slower increase of minute ventilation - maximal exercise - anaerobic (stage 4) (3)
- minute ventilation gradually increases
- cannot sustain maximal exercise for long duration - reach point where body cannot provide enough oxygen to clear waste products (LA & CO2)
- this point called OBLA
what happens during rapid decrease in minute ventilation (stage 5) (3)
- when exercise stops
- receptors top sending messages to respiratory control centre
- respiratory muscles stop contracting with as much force & sternocleidomastoid & internal intercostals stop contracting completely
what happens during gradual decrease minute ventilation to pre-exercise state (stage 6)
gradual decrease of minute ventilation to return body to pre-exercise state
what is diffusion
movement of gasses across a membrane (one cell thick) from area high to low pressure
what is diffusion gradient
difference in pressures separated by membrane - different on one side to another
what does pressure diffuse from and to
high to low
what impartial pressure
gasses own pressure in an area
what is a low partial pressure
less particles of gas in an area = less particle collisions = lower pressure
what is high partial pressure
greater number particles of gas in an area = greater number particle collisions = higher pressure
external respiration:
what is the pp O2 in alveoli
high
external respiration:
what is pp O2 in capillary/blood
low
external respiration:
where will O2 move from and to
high pressure in alveoli to low pressure in blood across diffusion gradient
external respiration:
what is pp CO2 in alveoli
low
external respiration:
what is pp CO2 in capillary/blood
high
external respiration:
where will CO2 move from and to
high pressure in blood to low pressure in alveoli across diffusion gradient
what does haemoglobin do
carries oxygen in blood to working muscles
how does haemoglobin carry oxygen
oxygen attaches to haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
how is carbon dioxide carried in blood from working muscles (2)
- in blood plasma
- by haemoglobin as carboaminohaemoglobin
where is myoglobin found
muscle cells
why is oxygen more likely to take to myoglobin than haemoglobin & why is this beneficial
- oxygen has 240x higher affinity for myoglobin than haemoglobin
- more oxygen moves into working muscles
internal respiration:
what is pp O2 in blood/capillary
high
internal respiration:
what is pp O2 in muscle cell
low
internal respiration:
where will oxygen move from and to
high pressure in blood to low pressure in muscle cell across diffusion gradient
internal respiration:
what is pp CO2 in muscle cell
high
internal respiration:
what is pp CO2 in blood/capillary
low
internal respiration:
where will carbon dioxide move from and to
high pressure in muscle cell to low pressure in blood across diffusion gradient
4 factors that increase dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin in internal respiration
- increased blood & muscle temperature
- decreased pp O2 in muscle - increases diffusion gradient
- increased pp CO2 in muscle
- BOHR effect ( increased pp CO2 in blood = increased acidity in muscles & blood -> diffusion gradient will increase)w
what is it called when oxygen bonds with haemoglobin
association
what is it called when oxygen breaks its bond from haemoglobin
dissociation
what happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during exercise
increases
what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen during exercise
decreases
what does an increased diffusion gradient cause
increases diffusion of gases
what % of oxygen dissociates from haemoglobin at rest
25% - goes into working muscles
what happens to oxygen dissociation curve when exercising
graph curve shifts right
what % of oxygen dissociates from haemoglobin during exercise
75%
why does more oxygen dissociate from haemoglobin during exercise (4)
- CO2 diffusion gradient = steeper - ore CO2 out of working muscles
- increased blood & muscle temp
- increased blood acidity (decreased pH)
- O2 diffusion gradient increased - more O2 in working muscles
what happens to oxygen dissociation curve when exercise stops
graph curve shifts left
