Altitude Flashcards

1
Q

when do the effects of altitude begin

A

1500m

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2
Q

what does the pp of O2 being lower at altitude mean

A

less )2 in atmosphere

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3
Q

what is altitude

A

how far above sea level

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4
Q

define short term effects of altitude

A

what happens to you immediately as you go up to altitude

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5
Q

define long term effects of altitude

A

changes in body as result of stain at altitude for prolonged period of time

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6
Q

how long must you stay at altitude to see long term effects/physiological adaptations

A

at leat 3 weeks

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7
Q

why is air thinner the higher you go

A

less molecules of air, ppO2 lower

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8
Q

short term effects of altitude on cardiovascular system (6)

A
  • dehydration (dryer air)
  • hypoxia (not enough blood to tissues)
  • decreased blood plasma
  • decreased stroke volume (vol blood leaves LV/beat)
  • increased heart rate
  • decreased max cardiac output (vol blood leaves heart/min)
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9
Q

short term effects of altitude respiratory system (2)

A
  • increased breathing rate (hyperventilation)
  • decreased VO2 max (aerobic capacity)
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10
Q

long term edicts/physiological adaptations of altitude (4)

A
  • increased haemoglobin & red blood cell production
  • lower diffusion gradient
  • increased external respiration
  • increased O2 transport
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11
Q

what happens at the acclimatisation stage of adaptation and what time period is it over

A
  • athletes body begins to adjust
  • 3-10 days
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12
Q

what happens at the primary training stage of adaptation and what time period is it over

A
  • athlete steadily increases training intensity & frequency until at same point as sea level
  • 1-3 weeks
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13
Q

what happens at the recovery stage of adaptation and what time period is it over

A
  • training decreased - allow athlete to return to sea level without fatigue
  • 2-5 days
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14
Q

what happens at the positive phase stage of adaptation and what time period is it over

A
  • first 1-4 days after returning to sea level
  • huge increase in amount of haemoglobin in the blood
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15
Q

what happens at the return phase stage of adaptation

A
  • athlete steadily returns to intensity & frequency of normal sea level training
  • performance = poor at first then increases greatly over next few days
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16
Q

what happens at the fitness peak stage of adaptation and what time period is it over

A
  • 15-20 days after return to sea level
  • optimal time for competition
  • body adaptations at optimal level - allows for best possible performance
17
Q

what technology can help improve performance

A
  • sleep in hypoxic chamber
  • train in hypoxic chamber
18
Q

advantages of altitude training (2)

A
  • improves endurance
  • adaptation of CVS to fuel working muscles - produce more haemoglobin - more O2 to WM
19
Q

disadvantages of altitude training (6)

A
  • expensive
  • can cause altitude sickness
  • may hinder amount of training ability
  • problems may cause de-training effect
  • unfair advantage to those with access to facilities
  • stressful - constant travelling & away from home
20
Q

acclimatisation define & example

A
  • process of gradual adaptation to change in environment
  • e.g. lower ppO2 at altitude