Ergogenic Aids Flashcards

Question

risks of blood doping (4)

Answer 1

- increased blood viscosity - decreased cardiac output - increased risk of blood clots & heart failure - risk of transfusion reactions & infections - e.g. hepatitis & HIV

Answer 2

athletes live at sea level but train under hypoxic conditions (low pp O2)

Answer 3

- acclimatisation for events at altitude - increased red blood cell, haemoglobin, & oxygen carrying capacity - increased intensity & duration before fatigue - increased mitochondria & buffering capacity - delays OBLA

Answer 4

- benefits quickly lost when IHT stops - may lose motivation & disrupt training patterns - hard to reach normal work rates - decreased immune function & increase risk infection - dehydration

Answer 5

- before activity - reduce core body temperature to improve performance - after activity - improve recovery

Answer 6

- reduce core body temperature - decreased sweating, dehydration, & early fatigue - decrease injury pain & swelling - increased speed of recovery & repair - decreased delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

Answer 7

- difficult to perceive exercise intensity - ice burns & pain - hide or complicate injuries - chest pain & reduced efficiency in older people - dangerous for hypertensives or those with heart conditions (if used in chest area) - increased blood pressure

Answer 8

Pre competition: - eaten 2-4 hrs before event - high in glycogen - glucose immediately before exercise Post competition: - optimal time = within 2hrs after exercise - rate of glycogen replacement is at its quickest - eat CHO rich meal

Answer 9

- good for performers who use glycogen as food fuel - e.g. endurance athletes & games players

Answer 10

- can have detrimental effect on performance if consumed to close to competition - high blood glucose levels stimulate release of insulin that removes glucose from blood - can cause fatigue/hypoglycaemia - possible conversion of carbs into fats

Answer 11

- glycogen stores depleted a week before competition - by heavy raining - high protein, low carb diet - body overcompensates for lack of carbohydrates - stores more glycogen than before

Answer 12

- increased glycogen stores - increased endurance capacity - delays fatigue - increases time to exhaustion by up to 30%

Answer 13

- hypoglycaemia in depletion phase - poor recovery rates in depletion phase - lethargy & irritability in depletion phase - gastrointestinal problems - increased risk injury - affects mental preparation pre-competition

Answer 14

- hypotonic drinks - isotonic drinks - hypertonic drinks

Answer 15

- lower concentration of glucose than blood glucose - vital for prolonged exercise for when fluid replenishment is primary

Answer 16

- equal concentration of glucose to that in blood - promotes fluid hydration & replenishment of glucose during endurance events

Answer 17

- higher concentration glucose than blood glucose - suitable for post activity recovery - do not use during activity - high levels glucose cause dehydration - water needed to dilute CHO

Answer 18

- replenishes glycogen stores - decrease risk dehydration - prevents increased body temperature (& possibility of heat exhaustion) - delays fatigue - first 2hrs post activity body most receptive to carb reloading

Answer 19

- possible conversion of carbs to fats - bloated stomach - dilutes sodium levels in blood - leads to fatigue

Answer 20

- found naturally in liver & kidneys from amino acids - stored as phospho-creatine (PC) in muscles - used to re-synthesise ATP - usually tablet or powder form - aim to increase PC stores - can be consumed by eating meat - can increase up to 50% - increased water retention

Answer 21

- increased PC stores - increased fuel for very high intensity energy production (ATP/PC system) - increased intensity & duration of training - increased maximum & explosive strength

Answer 22

- increased weight gain - increased water retention - muscle cramps - gastrointestinal problems - long-term effects on health unclear - can put strain on liver - possible dehydration

Answer 23

- limit 7-8 cups strong coffee - heightens central nervous system - increased break down of fat as fuel for aerobic energy production - consumed as - tea, coffee, energy drinks, tablets - can increase aerobic capacity

Answer 24

- increased nervous stimulation - increased focus & concentration - increased metabolism of fats - preservation of muscle glycogen - increased endurance performance - increased alertness/decreased reaction time - increased break down FFAs - decreased perception of effort

Answer 25

- possible gastrointestinal problems - diuretic effect leading to dehydration - insomnia & anxiety - dehydration causes heat regulation problems

Answer 26

- alkaline which acts as buffer to neutralise rise in acidity in blood stream - increases bodys tolerance to lactic acid, buffering hydrogen ions, drawing acid out of muscle & neutralising it in blood stream during intense anaerobic activity - delays fatigue & increase intensity & duration of performance - delays onset of OBLA - known as 'soda loading'

Answer 27

- increased buffering capacity - increased tolerance to lactic acid - delaying OBLA - increased intensity & duration of performance

Answer 28

- possible gastrointestinal problems - unpleasant taste, causing nausea

Answer 29

- inorganic compounds consumed by eating root vegetables - e.g. beetroot, leefy green veg

Answer 30

- decreased blood pressure - increased blood flow - increased intensity of performance - delays fatigue - dilated blood vessels - increased gaseous exchange, more O2 supplied to working muscles

Answer 31

- headaches, dizziness, light-headed - long-term effects on health unclear - expensive - financial risk - possible carcinogenic risk