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PE - physiological factors > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints

A

Where bones articulate (move)

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2
Q

What are joints made up of (5)

A
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
  • Synovial Fluid
  • Articular Cartilage
  • Joint Capsule
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3
Q

What do ligaments do (2)

A
  • connect bone to bone
  • give joints stability
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4
Q

What do tendons do

A

join muscle to bone

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5
Q

What does synovial fluid do

A

lubricates joint

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6
Q

What does articular cartilage do (2)

A
  • absorb shock
  • prevent friction
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7
Q

Where is articular cartilage found

A

ends of bones

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8
Q

What do joint capsules do (2)

A
  • strengthens joint
  • releases synovial fluid
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9
Q

How do bones move

A

muscles pull bones (can’t push)

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10
Q

What do muscles work in

A

antagonistic pairs

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11
Q

which muscle is agonist

A

working muscle

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12
Q

which muscle is antagonist

A

relaxing muscle

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13
Q

what is agonist responsible for

A

creating movement at joint

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14
Q

concentric contraction

A

muscle shortening under tension

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15
Q

what is antagonist responsible for

A

providing resistance for co-ordinated movement

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16
Q

antagonist is normally ________

A

relaxing

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17
Q

eccentric contraction

A

muscle lengthening under tension

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18
Q

what is a fixator

A

muscle that stabilises a joint

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19
Q

what does a fixator allow an agonist to do

A

produce a movement

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20
Q

isometric contraction

A

muscle is contracting but not moving
(e.g rugby scrum)

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21
Q

Elbow joint type

A

hinge

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22
Q

bones that articulate elbow (3)

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
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23
Q

movements elbow joint can perform (2)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
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24
Q

elbow antagonistic pair

A
  • bicep brachii
  • tricep brachii
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25
Q

elbow flexion agonist

A

bicep brachii

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26
Q

elbow flexion antagonist

A

tricep brachii

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27
Q

elbow extension agonist

A

tricep brachii

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28
Q

elbow extension antagonist

A

bicep brachii

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29
Q

elbow joint plane of movement

A

sagittal

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30
Q

knee joint type

A

hinge

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31
Q

bone that articulate knee (3)

A
  • femur
  • tibia
  • fibula
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32
Q

movements knee joint can perform (2)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
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33
Q

knee joint antagonistic pair

A
  • rectus femoris
  • bicep femoris
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34
Q

knee flexion agonist

A

bicep femoris

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35
Q

knee flexion antagonist

A

rectus femoris

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36
Q

knee extension agonist

A

rectus femoris

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37
Q

knee extension antagonist

A

bicep femoris

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38
Q

knee joint plane of movement

A

sagittal

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39
Q

ankle joint type

A

hinge

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40
Q

bones that articulate ankle (3)

A
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • talus
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41
Q

movements ankle can perform (2)

A
  • dorsi-flexion
  • plantar-flexion
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42
Q

ankle dorsi-flexion agonist

A

tibialis anterior

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43
Q

ankle dorsi-flexion antagonist

A

gastrocnemius

44
Q

ankle plantar-flexion agonist

A

gastrocnemius

45
Q

ankle plantar-flexion antagonist

A

tibialis anterior

46
Q

ankle plane of movement

A

sagittal

47
Q

wrist joint type

A

condyloid

48
Q

bones that articulate wrist (3)

A
  • radius
  • ulna
  • carpels
49
Q

movements wrist can perform (2)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
50
Q

wrist flexion agonist

A

wrist flexor

51
Q

wrist flexion antagonist

A

wrist extensor

52
Q

wrist extension agonist

A

wrist extensor

53
Q

wrist extension antagonist

A

wrist flexor

54
Q

wrist plane of movement

A

sagittal

55
Q

shoulder joint type

A

ball & socket

56
Q

bones that articulate shoulder (2)

A
  • humerus
  • scapula
57
Q

moments shoulder can perform (8)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • adduction
  • abduction
  • horizontal-flexion
  • horizontal-extension
  • medial rotation
  • lateral rotation
58
Q

shoulder flexion agonist

A

anterior deltoid

59
Q

shoulder flexion antagonist

A

posterior deltoid

60
Q

shoulder extension agonist

A

posterior deltoid

61
Q

shoulder extension antagonist

A

anterior deltoid

62
Q

shoulder adduction agonist

A

deltoid

63
Q

shoulder adduction antagonist

A

latissimus dorsi

64
Q

shoulder abduction agonist

A

latissimus dorsi

65
Q

shoulder abduction antagonist

A

deltoid

66
Q

shoulder horizontal-flexion agonist

A

pectoralis major

67
Q

shoulder horizontal-flexion antagonist

A

posterior deltoid

68
Q

shoulder horizontal-extension agonist

A

posterior deltoid

69
Q

shoulder horizontal-extension antagonist

A

pectoralis major

70
Q

shoulder medial rotation agonist

A

teras major

71
Q

shoulder medial rotation antagonist

A

teras minor

72
Q

shoulder lateral rotation agonist

A

teras minor

73
Q

shoulder lateral rotation antagonist

A

teras major

74
Q

shoulder flexion & extension plane of movement

A

sagittal

75
Q

shoulder adduction & abduction plane of movement

A

frontal

76
Q

shoulder horizontal flexion & extension plane of movement

A

transverse

77
Q

shoulder medial & lateral rotation plane of movement

A

transverse

78
Q

hip joint type

A

ball & socket

79
Q

bones that articulate hip (2)

A
  • femur
  • pelvis
80
Q

movements hip can perform (6)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • adduction
  • abduction
  • medial rotation
  • lateral rotation
81
Q

hip flexion agonist

A

iliopsoas (groin)

82
Q

hip flexion antagonist

A

gluteus maximus

83
Q

hip extension agonist

A

gluteus maximus

84
Q

hip extension antagonist

A

iliopsoas (groin)

85
Q

hip adduction agonist

A

adductor longus

86
Q

hip adduction antagonist

A

gluteus minimus

87
Q

hip abduction agonist

A

gluteus minimus

88
Q

hip abduction antagonist

A

adductor longus

89
Q

hip medial rotation agonist

A

gluteus medius

90
Q

hip medial rotation antagonist

A

gluteus maximus

91
Q

hip lateral rotation agonist

A

gluteus maximus

92
Q

hip lateral rotation antagonist

A

gluteus medius

93
Q

hip flexion & extension plane of movement

A

sagittal

94
Q

hip adduction & abduction plane of movement

A

frontal

95
Q

hip medial & lateral rotation plane of movement

A

transverse

96
Q

define plane of movement

A

description of three dimensional movements at a joint

97
Q

where does sagittal plane lie

A

vertically

98
Q

what does sagittal plane divide body into & from where (+ example)

A
  • left & right
  • from medial (midline) to lateral (outside)
  • e.g. somersault
99
Q

sagittal plane actions (4)

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • dorsi-flexion
  • plantar-flexion
100
Q

where does frontal plane lie

A

vertically

101
Q

what does frontal plane divide body into (+ example)

A
  • anterior (front) & posterior (back)
  • e.g. cartwheel
102
Q

frontal plane actions (2)

A
  • adduction
  • abduction
103
Q

where does transverse plane lie

A

horizontally

104
Q

what does transverse plane divide body into

A
  • superior (upper) & inferior (lower)
105
Q

transverse plane actions (2)

A
  • horizontal-flexion
  • horizontal-extension

PE - physiological factors (31 decks)

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