CVS - Rest Flashcards
heart rate (HR)
no. of times heart beats per min
average person HR at rest
72 bpm
trained athlete HR at rest (aerobic)
50 bpm
average person HR during exercise
max HR = 220 - age
trained athlete HR during exercise
max HR = 220 - age
stroke volume (SV)
vol of blood leaving left ventricle per beat
stroke volume ______ when we exercise
increases
why does SV increase when exercise (2)
- heart is muscle, when warms up it expands - can hold more blood in left ventricle
- when heart warms up, becomes more elastic - can contract with more force
average person SV at rest
70ml
trained athlete SV at rest
100ml
average person SV exercise (maximum exercise)
100-120ml
trained athlete SV exercise (maximum exercise)
160-200ml
cardiac output (CO)
vol of blood pumped out of left ventricle in 1 min
CO equation
CO = SV x HR
during exercise CO _______
increases
heart becomes ________ ________ when it warms up
more elastic
when warmed up the heart can ______ _______ ______ & ______ ______ _____ ______
- hold more blood
- contract with more force
average person CO at rest
5L
trained athlete CO at rest
5L
average person CO exercise
20-30 Litres per min
trained athlete CO exercise
30-40 litres per min
venus return
vol of deoxygenated blood returning to heart
Venus return _____ during exercise
increases
end-diastolic volume
vol of blood held in heart just before it beats
if Venus return increases, ______ ______ will _______
- end-diastolic volume
- increase
if end-diastolic volume increases, _______ ______ will ______
- SV
- increase
if stroke volume increases, _______ ______ will ______
- CO
- increase
cardiac cycle
mechanical events of 1 heart beat
explain : heart is myogenic
beats automatically - heart generates own electrical impulse
conduction system of heart:
1) ___ _______ sends __________ ________
2) ________ contract
3) _________ goes to ____ _________
4) ________ goes down ________ ____ _____
5) ________ goes into ___________ _______
6) ___________ contract
7) ________ leaves ____________
1) SA Node sends electronic stimulus
2) atria contract
3) stimulus goes to AV Node
4) stimulus goes down bundle of his
5) stimulus goes into purkinje fibres
6) ventricles contract
7) blood leaves ventricles
what two phases make up the heart beat
- diastole
- systole
how long does diastole last
0.5 seconds
what phase is diastole
relaxation phase
how long does systole last
0.3 seconds
what phase is systole
contraction phase
how long does one complete cardiac cycle take
0.8 seconds
what happens during diastole
both atria fill with blood
what happens during systole
both atria contract - forcing remaining atrial blood into ventricles
name the 2 double circulatory systems
- systemic system
- pulmonary system
what side is systemic system
left
what side is pulmonary system
right
where does systemic system go to
cells of body
where does pulmonary system go to
lungs
Systemic system:
oxygenated blood
1) ______ leaves _____ ________
2) goes into ______ & ________
3) then into _________
4) then into ________ –> _______ _________ occurs
5) in _________ _________
de-oxygenated blood
6) goes back into _________
7) then into _______
8) then into _______ ______
end of systemic system
9) then ______ _________
10) then ____________ _________
11) then into ______
oxygenated blood
1) blood leaves left ventricle
2) goes into aorta & arteries
3) then into arterioles
4) then into capillaries –> gaseous exchange occurs
5) in working muscles
de-oxygenated blood
6) goes back into venules
7) then into veins
8) then into right atrium
end of systemic system
9) then right ventricle
10) then pulmonary artery
11) then into lungs
pulmonary system:
1) ______ leaves _____ ________
2) goes into ____________ _________
3) then into _______
4) then into ____________ _________
5) to the _____ ________
1) blood leaves right ventricle
2) goes into pulmonary artery
3) then into lungs
4) then into pulmonary vein
5) to the left atrium
__________ blood goes from heart to _______
- oxygenated
- arteries
arteries go to
arterioles
arterioles go to
capillaries
capillaries go to
venules
venules go to
veins
____________ blood goes from ______ to heart
- de-oxygenated
- veins
gaseous exchange occurs where
capillaries
blood always leaves the _________
ventricles
blood always enters heart via _________
atrium
_______ ventricle has a thicker muscle wall
left
oxygenated blood enters heart via ___________ ______ to ______ __________
- pulmonary vein
- left ventricle
oxygenated blood leaves the heart from ______ __________ to go through _______ to _________ ________
- left ventricle
- aorta
- working muscles
de-oxygenated blood enters heart via ______ ______ to ______ __________
- vena cava
- right atrium
de-oxygenated blood leaves the heart from ______ __________ to go through _______ to _______
- right ventricle
- pulmonary artery
- lungs
