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PE - physiological factors > Acute & chronic injuries > Flashcards

Acute & chronic injuries Flashcards

1
Q

acute injury define

A

occurs at a specific moment in time and are sudden

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2
Q

chronic injury define

A

occurs over a long period of time - associated with continuous stress or over-use

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3
Q

Hard tissue injury
- where (3)
- what (2)
- can cause (3)

A
  • damage to bone, joint or cartilage
  • fractures and dislocation
  • can cause internal bleeding, circulatory problems, joint instability & usually requires hospitalisation
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4
Q

Soft tissue injury
- where (3)
- what (2)
- can cause (2)

A
  • muscles, tendons or ligaments
  • strains & sprains
  • results in inflammation, bruising & requires immediate attention to minimise recovery times
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5
Q

what is a simple fracture (3)

A
  • bone is broken
  • skin remains unbroken
  • little damage to surrounding soft tissue
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6
Q

what is a compound fracture (3)

A
  • bone is broken
  • breaks through skin & damages soft tissue
  • creates open wound with high risk of infection
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7
Q

what is a greenstick fracture

A

partial split of bone resulting from being bent (like a twig or green stick)

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8
Q

what is a transverse fracture

A

bone is broken perpendicular to length of bone

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9
Q

what is a comminuted fracture

A

bone is broken into multiple fragments -> long recovery

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10
Q

what is a impacted fracture

A

bone breaks because ends of bones are compressed together

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11
Q

what is an avulsion fracture

A

fragment of bone detaches from bone at site of connective tissue

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12
Q

what type of tissue is a fracture

A

hard tissue

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13
Q

what type of injury is a fracture

A

acute

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14
Q

what is a dislocation

A

when a bone is displaced from another moving them out of their original position

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15
Q

what is dislocation result of

A

direct impact extending joint beyond its range of movement

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16
Q

what is a subluxation

A

incomplete or partial dislocation

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17
Q

what does subluxation cause & why

A
  • reduced stability of joint because ligaments are stretched
  • leads to increased likelihood of dislocation happening in future
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18
Q

what type of tissue is a dislocation

A

hard tissue

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19
Q

what type of injury is a dislocation & subluxation

A

acute

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20
Q

what is a contusion/haematoma

A

blood vessels are torn causing haematoma to form due to blood collecting outside a blood vessel

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21
Q

what does a haematoma/contusion cause

A

swelling and bruising

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22
Q

that type of tissue is a haematoma/contusion

A

soft tissue

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23
Q

what type of injury is a haematoma/contusion

A

acute

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24
Q

what is a sprain

A

sudden twist of joint causing ligaments of joint to move past its extreme range of movement

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25
Q

what does a sprain cause (4)

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • cannot weight bear
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26
Q

what type of tissue is a sprain

A

soft tissue

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27
Q

what type of injury is a sprain

A

acute

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28
Q

what is a strain

A

overstretching of muscle or tendon

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29
Q

what causes a strain

A

explosive movements

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30
Q

symptoms of strain

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • bruising
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31
Q

what are the:
- way strains & sprains are measured
- type of tear
- recovery time

A

Grade I:
- minor
- microscopic tear
- 1-3 weeks recovery

Grade II:
- moderate (more extensive)
- partial tear
- 8-12 weeks recovery

Grade III:
- severe
- complete rupture
- surgery required (long recovery)

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32
Q

what type of tissue is a strain

A

soft tissue

33
Q

what type of injury is a strain

34
Q

What is an abrasion

A

superficial damage to the skin

35
Q

how does an abrasion occur

A

skin is scraped - usually from a fall

36
Q

what must you be careful of with an abrasion to prevent _________

A

must be careful does not have dirt or grit in it - to avoid infection

37
Q

what type of injury is an abrasion

38
Q

what is a blister (3)

A
  • separation of layers of skin
  • pocket forms due to friction
  • pocket fills with fluid
39
Q

how can blisters be prevented

A

wearing correct footwear can avoid blisters on heels

40
Q

what type of injury is a blister

41
Q

what is a concussion

A

violent jarring or shaking that results in disturbance of brain function

42
Q

what is a concussion caused by (2)
(points link)

A
  • direct blow to the head
  • this accelerates brain against rough inner wall of scull & then rebounds back to other side
43
Q

what does a concussion cause (2)

A
  • swelling
  • disruption to biochemistry & electrical process between neurone in the brain - leads to confusion
44
Q

symptoms of concussion (5)

A
  • headaches
  • dizziness
  • balance problems
  • nausea
  • loss of consciousness in 10% of cases
45
Q

How long before you can return to sport after concussion & name of procedure

A
  • 3 weeks
  • return to play protocol
46
Q

what sports is concussion most common in (2)

A
  • rugby
  • boxing
47
Q

what type of tissue is a concussion

A

soft tissue

48
Q

what type of injury is a concussion

49
Q

what is a stress fracture

A

tiny crack on surface of bone

50
Q

what is a stress fracture caused by / associated with (2)

A
  • overuse/over-training
  • fatigue
51
Q

what type of tissue is a stress fracture

A

hard tissue

52
Q

what type of injury is a stress fracture

53
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of articular cartilage on ends of bones

54
Q

what does osteoarthritis cause (3)

A
  • joints swell
  • joints become painful
  • movement becomes restricted
55
Q

what type of tissue is osteoarthritis

A

hard tissue

56
Q

what type of injury is osteoarthritis

57
Q

what is shin splints

A

where tendons that attach to the bone pull off bone & periosteum (surface of bone) becomes infalmed

58
Q

what is shin splints caused by (2)

A
  • overuse
  • stress on bone
59
Q

symptoms of shin splints

A

tibia painful to touch & move on

60
Q

what type of tissue is shin splints

A

soft tissue

61
Q

what type of injury is shin splints

62
Q

what is tendinosis

A

inflammation of fibres of tendon

63
Q

what is tendinosis caused by

64
Q

what are symptoms of tendinosis (4)

A

of the tendon:
- burning
- stinging
- aching
- stiffness

65
Q

what type of tissue is tendinosis

A

soft tissue

66
Q

what type of injury is tendinosis

67
Q

what is tennis elbow

A

tendinosis (inflammation of fibres of tendon)

68
Q

what is tennis elbow caused by (2)

A
  • repetitive overuse
  • result of flexing, extending & twisting elbow joint
69
Q

what does tennis elbow cause

A

microscopic tears in tendon

70
Q

tennis elbow symptoms (4)

A

of the tendon:
- burning
- stinging
- aching
- stiffness

71
Q

who is most likely to get tennis elbow (2)

A
  • racket sport players (tennis, squash, badminton)
  • javelin throwers
72
Q

what type of tissue is tennis elbow

A

soft tissue

73
Q

what type of injury is tennis elbow

74
Q

what is Achilles tendinosis

A

inflammation of fibres of tendon

75
Q

who is most likely to get Achilles tendinosis (3)

A
  • runners
  • track athletes
  • games players
76
Q

achilles tendinosis symptoms (4)

A

of the tendon:
- burning
- stinging
- aching
- stiffness

77
Q

how is achilles tendinosis avoided

A

wearing correct footwear (cushioned soles)

78
Q

what type of tissue is achilles tendinosis

A

soft tissue

79
Q

what type of injury is achilles tendinosis

PE - physiological factors (31 decks)

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