Acute & chronic injuries Flashcards by Isabella Haddrick

acute injury define

occurs at a specific moment in time and are sudden

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chronic injury define

occurs over a long period of time - associated with continuous stress or over-use

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Hard tissue injury
- where (3)
- what (2)
- can cause (3)

damage to bone, joint or cartilage
fractures and dislocation
can cause internal bleeding, circulatory problems, joint instability & usually requires hospitalisation

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Soft tissue injury
- where (3)
- what (2)
- can cause (2)

muscles, tendons or ligaments
strains & sprains
results in inflammation, bruising & requires immediate attention to minimise recovery times

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what is a simple fracture (3)

bone is broken
skin remains unbroken
little damage to surrounding soft tissue

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what is a compound fracture (3)

bone is broken
breaks through skin & damages soft tissue
creates open wound with high risk of infection

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what is a greenstick fracture

partial split of bone resulting from being bent (like a twig or green stick)

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what is a transverse fracture

bone is broken perpendicular to length of bone

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what is a comminuted fracture

bone is broken into multiple fragments -> long recovery

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what is a impacted fracture

bone breaks because ends of bones are compressed together

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what is an avulsion fracture

fragment of bone detaches from bone at site of connective tissue

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what type of tissue is a fracture

hard tissue

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what type of injury is a fracture

acute

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what is a dislocation

when a bone is displaced from another moving them out of their original position

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what is dislocation result of

direct impact extending joint beyond its range of movement

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what is a subluxation

incomplete or partial dislocation

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what does subluxation cause & why

reduced stability of joint because ligaments are stretched
leads to increased likelihood of dislocation happening in future

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what type of tissue is a dislocation

hard tissue

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what type of injury is a dislocation & subluxation

acute

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what is a contusion/haematoma

blood vessels are torn causing haematoma to form due to blood collecting outside a blood vessel

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what does a haematoma/contusion cause

swelling and bruising

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that type of tissue is a haematoma/contusion

soft tissue

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what type of injury is a haematoma/contusion

acute

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what is a sprain

sudden twist of joint causing ligaments of joint to move past its extreme range of movement

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what does a sprain cause (4)

- pain - swelling - bruising - cannot weight bear

what type of tissue is a sprain

soft tissue

what type of injury is a sprain

acute

what is a strain

overstretching of muscle or tendon

what causes a strain

explosive movements

symptoms of strain

- pain - swelling - bruising

what are the: - way strains & sprains are measured - type of tear - recovery time

Grade I: - minor - microscopic tear - 1-3 weeks recovery Grade II: - moderate (more extensive) - partial tear - 8-12 weeks recovery Grade III: - severe - complete rupture - surgery required (long recovery)

what type of tissue is a strain

soft tissue

what type of injury is a strain

acute

What is an abrasion

superficial damage to the skin

how does an abrasion occur

skin is scraped - usually from a fall

what must you be careful of with an abrasion to prevent _________

must be careful does not have dirt or grit in it - to avoid infection

what type of injury is an abrasion

acute

what is a blister (3)

- separation of layers of skin - pocket forms due to friction - pocket fills with fluid

how can blisters be prevented

wearing correct footwear can avoid blisters on heels

what type of injury is a blister

acute

what is a concussion

violent jarring or shaking that results in disturbance of brain function

what is a concussion caused by (2) (points link)

- direct blow to the head - this accelerates brain against rough inner wall of scull & then rebounds back to other side

what does a concussion cause (2)

- swelling - disruption to biochemistry & electrical process between neurone in the brain - leads to confusion

symptoms of concussion (5)

- headaches - dizziness - balance problems - nausea - loss of consciousness in 10% of cases

How long before you can return to sport after concussion & name of procedure

- 3 weeks - return to play protocol

what sports is concussion most common in (2)

- rugby - boxing

what type of tissue is a concussion

soft tissue

what type of injury is a concussion

acute

what is a stress fracture

tiny crack on surface of bone

what is a stress fracture caused by / associated with (2)

- overuse/over-training - fatigue

what type of tissue is a stress fracture

hard tissue

what type of injury is a stress fracture

chronic

what is osteoarthritis

degeneration of articular cartilage on ends of bones

what does osteoarthritis cause (3)

- joints swell - joints become painful - movement becomes restricted

what type of tissue is osteoarthritis

hard tissue

what type of injury is osteoarthritis

chronic

what is shin splints

where tendons that attach to the bone pull off bone & periosteum (surface of bone) becomes infalmed

what is shin splints caused by (2)

- overuse - stress on bone

symptoms of shin splints

tibia painful to touch & move on

what type of tissue is shin splints

soft tissue

what type of injury is shin splints

chronic

what is tendinosis

inflammation of fibres of tendon

what is tendinosis caused by

overuse

what are symptoms of tendinosis (4)

of the tendon: - burning - stinging - aching - stiffness

what type of tissue is tendinosis

soft tissue

what type of injury is tendinosis

chronic

what is tennis elbow

tendinosis (inflammation of fibres of tendon)

what is tennis elbow caused by (2)

- repetitive overuse - result of flexing, extending & twisting elbow joint

what does tennis elbow cause

microscopic tears in tendon

tennis elbow symptoms (4)

of the tendon: - burning - stinging - aching - stiffness

who is most likely to get tennis elbow (2)

- racket sport players (tennis, squash, badminton) - javelin throwers

what type of tissue is tennis elbow

soft tissue

what type of injury is tennis elbow

chronic

what is Achilles tendinosis

inflammation of fibres of tendon

who is most likely to get Achilles tendinosis (3)

- runners - track athletes - games players

achilles tendinosis symptoms (4)

of the tendon: - burning - stinging - aching - stiffness

how is achilles tendinosis avoided

wearing correct footwear (cushioned soles)

what type of tissue is achilles tendinosis

soft tissue

what type of injury is achilles tendinosis

chronic