Resp Redo Metab Redo

Question 1

is the exchange of gases

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

(pulmonary) gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood.

Answer 2

External respiration

Question 3

(tissue) gas exchange between the systemic capillaries and the tissues of the body.

Answer 3

Internal respiration

Question 4

is the volume of air inspired (or expired) during normal quiet breathing (500 ml).

Answer 4

Tidal Volume (VT)

Question 5

is the volume inspired during a very deep inhalation (3100 ml – height and gender dependent).

Answer 5

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV

Question 6

is the volume expired during a forced exhalation (1200 ml).

Answer 6

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 7

is all the air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration.
o
It is the sum of the inspiratory reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve
(4800 ml).

Answer 7

Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 8

is the air still present in the lungs after a force exhalation (1200 ml).
o
The RV is a reserve for mixing of gases but is not available to move in or out of
the lungs.

Answer 8

Residual Volume (RV)

Question 9

located in the brainstem, has
centers that control basic respiratory patterns for both
inspiration and expiration. • Other sites in the pons help the
medullary centers manage the transition between inhalation and exhalation.

Answer 9

Medulla rhythmicity area

Question 10

voluntary control of breathing.

Answer 10

Cortex

Question 11

Stretch receptors sensing over-inflation arrests breathing temporarily

Answer 11

(Herring Breuer reflex).

Question 12

limbic system) affect respiration.

Answer 12

Emotions

Question 13

The____, sensing a fever, increases breathing, as does moderate pain Blood Chemistry (pH*, O2 too low, CO2 too high) increases breathing *primary signal

Answer 13

hypothalamus.

Question 14

occurs through:
Metabolism: physical activity in addition to BMR

Answer 14

Heat gain

Question 15

occurs through:
Evaporation: converting a liquid to a gas (sweat, moisture from respiratory tract)

Answer 15

Heat loss

Question 16

(from hot to cold) occurs through:
Conduction: materials in contact with the body
Convection: gas or liquid flows over an object
Thermal radiation: electromagnetic radiation (infrared, and encompassing visible light) between two bodies not in contact (skin and lungs primarily)

Answer 16

Heat transfer

Question 17

What is the bodies thermostat?

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

skin blood vessels constrict

Answer 18

core temperature declines,

Question 19

thyroid hormones and catecholamines
(epinephrine and norepinephrine) raise
metabolism.

Answer 19

core temperature declines,

Question 20

blood vessels of the skin dilate

Answer 20

core temperature rises

Question 21

sweat glands are stimulated

Answer 21

core temperature rises

Question 22

metabolic rate is lowered

Answer 22

core temperature rises