Redo Of Blood And Cap Flashcards
45% of blood is_____
55% of blood is ______
Formed elements.
Blood plasma
Blood is alkaline or acidic
Slightly alkaline pH
(7.35-7.45)
Blood plasma proteins
Albumin,
Globulins,
Fibrinogen (clotting proteins)
osmotic pressure, viscosity, carrier for some hydrophobic molecules, synthesized in liver. Most abundant
Albumin
carrier for some hydrophobic molecules, contribute to immunity
Globulins
important in hemostasis (stoppping flow of blood). Least abundant.
Fibrinogen (clotting protein)
The formation of formed
elements in red bone marrow
Hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)
Where are blood cells and platelets made?
Bone marrow
Which element is highly specialized 02 transport
Rbc
Rbc lifespan
120 days, recycled in
spleen and liver
RBC’s are filled with
Hemoglobin
is a protein molecule adapted to carry
O2 (and CO2 as well),
● binds oxygen best at high pH
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
High concentrations of CO2 lead to low pH Tissues->high CO2->low pH->oxygen_____
Lungs->low CO2->
high pH->oxygen_____
unbinds. binds
The Production of RBCs.
Erythropoiesis
Granulocytes : contain granules when stained
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes
monocytes and lymphocytes
most numerous WBC in normal blood (60-70% of circulating white cells) phagocytize bacteria
Neutrophils
respond to multicellular parasites, allergens
Eosinophil
inflamatory response
Basophil
major group of phagocytic cells. Common in
the peripheral tissues.
Monocytes
respond to very specific foreign antigens
Lymphocytes
Shifts in the normal percentages of circulating WBCs will
often point towards a bacterial infection (elevated percentage of_____) or a viral infection (elevated percentage of_______)
neutrophils. lymphocytes
huge cells that splinter into 2000 to
3000 fragments while still in the red bone marrow
Each fragment is a platelet/thrombocyte
Megakaryocytes
Platelet lifespan
short life span (5 to 9 days)
Have no organelles
Rbc and platelets
What is Involved in Hemostasis
● (stopping blood flow)
Platelets
is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding
Hemostasis
Hemostasis mechanism
_____ occurs as damaged blood vessels constrict
Vascular spasm
Hemostasis mechanisms
Platelets adhere to damaged endothelium to form a _____
platelet plug
consolidation of the fibrin clot. decreases
the risk of further damage
Clot retraction
dissolves small, inappropriate clots;
and clots at a site of damage once the damage is repaired.
Fibrinolytic system
forming a thrombus, a clot in an unbroken
blood vessel
Thrombosis
blood clot, air bubble, piece of fat or other debris transported by the bloodstream
Embolus
Red cells (and all cells in the body) have proteins on their surface which act as_____ or surface markers
● The immune system produces specific_____ that
bind to and attack nonself xxxxx
antigens. antibodies. (xxx= antigens)
Capillaries have 1 basic layer or “tunic” which comprises the vessel wall
Tunica interna (intima): epithelial tissue and basement membrane
only sites in the entire vasculature where gases, water and other nutrients are exchanged.
Capillaries
Branch from arteriole to venule
Metareriole
____ controls flow to capillary bed
Precapillary sphincter
Three types of capillaries:
Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoids
most common continuous tube with small intercellular clefts. Least exchange w interstitial fluid
Continuous capillaries
kidneys, villi of small intestines, and endocrine glands Pores through endothelial cells
Fenestrated capillaries
liver, spleen
Large pores through which blood can percolate
Sinusoids
hydrostatic and osmotic forces at the
capillaries determine
filtration and reabsorption
movement of fluid through the walls of the capillary into the interstitial fluid.
Filtration
movement of fluid from the interstitial fluid back into the capillary.
Reabsorption
