Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 478 > Research Methods in Pharmacology > Flashcards

Research Methods in Pharmacology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is the difference between in vivo and in vitro

A

in vivo -> living
in vitro -> in test tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

explain ex vivo

A

analyses performed in living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define in situ

A

analyses typically performed after dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the main purpose of stereotaxic surgery

A

allows researchers to figure out the function of a specific area of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the procedure of stereotaxic surgery

A

specific positioning of instruments/syringe into the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain the procedure of microdialysis

A

-> collecting fluid from an awake animal
-> bottom of the inserted tube is porous and as the liquid gel passes the tube , by osmosis and concentration gradients, some of the chemicals will be absorbed into the tube through the pores -> lets us figure out the concentration of the chemicals that are absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define chromotography

A

separate molecules based on size, charge and polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 types of analytes

A

proteins, peptides. neurotransmitters and drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of chromotography does proteins use

A

column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common electrophysiological recording

A

EEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

true or false - in vivo electrical recordings measure single neuron activity

A

false - it measures field activity -> large number of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the type of recordings where they implant electrodes into a living animal

A

in vivo electrical recordings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true or false - intracellular recordings measure activity across a membrane of a single cell

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of electrode do they use for a whole cell

A

sharp electrodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the difference between sending in isotopes and sending in antibodies to bind to receptors

A

isotopes -> see location of them
antibodies -> see the number of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what two early techniques used radioactive isotopes to visualize drug binding

A

autoradiography and radioimmunoassay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the antibody need to have in order to the determine the location and number of cells

A

fluoroscent tag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define antibodies

A

proteins produced by the adaptive immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

true or false - antibodies have high affinity

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why do we inject target receptors into a species that does not naturally have them

A

because there will be no immune response , and we want to see if there will be a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define immunohistochemistry

A

detection of proteins in the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define immunocytochemistry

A

detection of proteins in cells cultured in vitro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the purpose of confocal microscopy

A

can see all the layers in focus at a time by allowing imaging of an optical slice of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

true or false - confocal microscopy uses living tissue

A

false - uses non living tissue

25
Q

true or false - 2 photon microscopy uses living tissue

A

true

26
Q

what does 2 photon microscopy use to image living tissue

A

infrared lasers

27
Q

what does ELISA stand for

A

enzyme linked immunosorbant assay

28
Q

when the drug is present but in very small quantities , what immunoassay do you use

A

ELISA

29
Q

western blotting is a type of ….

A

electrophoresis

30
Q

ELISA has higher _____, whereas Western blotting has higher ____

A

sensitivity/throughput

31
Q

______ if the functional unit of biological systems

A

proteins

32
Q

define FISH procedure

A

fluorescence in situ hybridization -> binds a fluorescent probe in tissue to show which cells may express that gene of interest

33
Q

what is the main purpose of qPCR

A

identify specific transcripts from tissue homogenates

34
Q

what is the difference between structural and functional techniques

A

structural -> reveal differences in gross anatomy
functional -> reveal changes in brain function

35
Q

true or false - MRI generates structural images of non living tissue

A

false - in living tissue

36
Q

PET uses ______ to analyze brain receptors or metabolism

A

positron emitting radiotracers

37
Q

what is single photon emission computed tomography

A

uses gamma emitting radiotracers to analyze blood flow in the brain

38
Q

tissue uptake of [99mTc] is proportional to ….

A

blood flow and activity

39
Q

the more active the cell is…

A

the more absorbance of radioactive isotope

40
Q

how is structural connectivity is established using what

A

DTI

41
Q

effective connectivity tells us what

A

the direction of information flow between regions

42
Q

what does DTI measure

A

water flow within axons

43
Q

transgenic mice are commonly used to assess what

A

genetic contributors to disease or for determining functions of specific genes

44
Q

optogenetics can be used with fibre optics to ….

A

alter activity involved in behavior in live, free moving animals

45
Q

bacterial proteins functions as…

A

light gated ion channels

46
Q

what are the 3 types of validities

A

construct , predictive and face

47
Q

match the definition to the type of validity

similarity between the methods by which the models is induced

A

construct

48
Q

match the definition to the type of validity

utility of the model to predict drug effects

A

predictive

49
Q

match the definition to the type of validity

ability of the model to recreate key features of a disease

A

face validity

50
Q

why do animals pose challenges fo psychopharmacology

A

there is no such thing as a depressed or schizophrenic mouse

51
Q

what type of memory does the morris water maze test for and how do we know?

A

type of memory: spatial memory

Decreased time to find the target in repeated trials shows spatial memory

52
Q

what does 8-arm radial maze do?

A

useful for measuring memory in animals since there can be many possible configuration

53
Q

what does it mean when an animal spends more time investigating the novel object when presented with a new object?

A

it indicates that they have episodic memory

54
Q

what are anxiety tests common measures of?

A

depression

55
Q

what is an elevated plus maze and what does it test for?

A

it consists of two open arms and two closed arms, and it looks at which arm the mice enters which indicates novelty-seeking behaviour

56
Q

what is fear conditioning?

A

animals presented with a signal (light) followed by an unescapable foot shock, measures the fear response to the conditioned stimulus

57
Q

what is a startle response in fear conditioning

A

it is where a mice or animal freeze when scared

58
Q

what is operant conditioning useful for?

A

developing models of substance abuse (operant self administration)

59
Q

what are the three phase conditioned place preference (CPP) protocol?

A
  1. Pre-conditioning (habituation)-> open exploration
  2. Conditioning -> alternate injections of drug and vehicles in alternate chambers
  3. Post-conditioning (test)-> open exploration, amount of time spend in each chamber measures

PSYCH 478 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions