Cannabis Flashcards
psychoactive effects due to the presence of what chemicals
cannabinoids
highest rates of recreational use are among
15-24 year olds
what is the lifetime use percentage and past-year use percentage
50%; 10%
regulated use suitable for end-of-life care for
symptoms associated with terminal disease
chronic pain, anorexia, nausea, arthritis and seizures
what are other medical uses of cannabis are there
MS, spinal cord injury/ disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, epilepsy
what has enforcement of cannabis legality been often compared to
alcohol prohibition
what are the two most prominent psychoactive cannabinoids
THC and cannabidiol; both present as inactive carboxylated prodrugs that are converted by heating
what is THC
responsible for euphoric and antiemetic effects
what is cannabidiol
2nd major cannabinoid and is responsible for the relaxation and anxiolytic effects of cannabis
cannabinoids are enriched in specialized structures on the flowering bodies known as
trichomes
what is hashish
hash oil is an alcohol extract of trichomes reduced to a viscous liquid
what does an increase in cannabinoid content lead to
hash becomes a solid pressed cake of trichomes (50-90% THC)
fill in the blank: cannabinoids are typically administered by _______ or ________
inhalation (smoking); orally (baked goods)
inhalation leads to
rapid entry to the bloodstream and recovery of ~20% of THC content
oral administration leads to
slow, prolonged but variable uptake and is much less efficient due to breakdown in GI, slow absorption and first-pass metabolism
true or false: cannabinoids are lipid-soluble and cross the BBB
true; rapid uptake into blood paradoxically does not lead to rapid uptake into the brain
by how much is onset of psychoactive effects delayed
5-30 minutes and is longer for oral administration
cannabinoid effects are primarily attenuated due to
absorption into fat tissues and psychoactive effects last ~3hrs
Primary metabolite of THC?
Secondary?
11-OH-THC
THC-COOH
who’s known as the father of psychopharmacology
Jacque-Joseph Moreau
what are the subjective effects of low to moderate doses
- initial light-headedness or dizziness
- euphoria and exhilaration -> disinhibition and increased laughter
- calm, relaxed, dreamlike state (stoned)
what are the physiological effects
- dilation of small blood vessels in eyes and skin
- increased heart rate, and decreased blood pressure -> can cause orthostatic hypotension/ nausea on movement which reinforces the tendency to remain sedentary
- dry mouth- compulsion to drink
- increased appetite- munchies
true or false: adverse effects are seen frequently
false; occasionally-> often on first-time users and is rarer in chronic users
what are the adverse effects
- anxiety or panic associated with feelings of paranoia
- delirium or hallucinations are extremely rare
- headaches reported with increased doses
what are the cognitive effects
- intoxication can result in disordered thinking or speech and the inability to remain focused on a topic
- no effects on recall of information
- THC administration may impact explicitly memory encoding/ recall (short-term memory)
- previous exposure may decrease cognitive effects -> cognitive/ behavioural tolerance
look at slides 19 and 20
too many words again bruh
slow release from ____ allow THC metabolites to detected for weeks
lipid stores
Current research models typically involve the use of a ________
single cannabinoid
What issues could the use of a single cannibinoid cause in experiments?
What about an IV administration?
- Limits generalizbility
- Limits validity
Deficits are seen tasks requiring ____
sustained attention
What is catalepsy?
No movement; caused at THC doses
