Cannabis

Question 1

psychoactive effects due to the presence of what chemicals

Answer 1

cannabinoids

Question 2

highest rates of recreational use are among

Answer 2

15-24 year olds

Question 3

what is the lifetime use percentage and past-year use percentage

Answer 3

50%; 10%

Question 4

regulated use suitable for end-of-life care for
symptoms associated with terminal disease

Answer 4

chronic pain, anorexia, nausea, arthritis and seizures

Question 5

what are other medical uses of cannabis are there

Answer 5

MS, spinal cord injury/ disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, epilepsy

Question 6

what has enforcement of cannabis legality been often compared to

Answer 6

alcohol prohibition

Question 7

what are the two most prominent psychoactive cannabinoids

Answer 7

THC and cannabidiol; both present as inactive carboxylated prodrugs that are converted by heating

Question 8

what is THC

Answer 8

responsible for euphoric and antiemetic effects

Question 9

what is cannabidiol

Answer 9

2nd major cannabinoid and is responsible for the relaxation and anxiolytic effects of cannabis

Question 10

cannabinoids are enriched in specialized structures on the flowering bodies known as

Answer 10

trichomes

Question 11

what is hashish

Answer 11

hash oil is an alcohol extract of trichomes reduced to a viscous liquid

Question 12

what does an increase in cannabinoid content lead to

Answer 12

hash becomes a solid pressed cake of trichomes (50-90% THC)

Question 13

fill in the blank: cannabinoids are typically administered by _______ or ________

Answer 13

inhalation (smoking); orally (baked goods)

Question 14

inhalation leads to

Answer 14

rapid entry to the bloodstream and recovery of ~20% of THC content

Question 15

oral administration leads to

Answer 15

slow, prolonged but variable uptake and is much less efficient due to breakdown in GI, slow absorption and first-pass metabolism

Question 16

true or false: cannabinoids are lipid-soluble and cross the BBB

Answer 16

true; rapid uptake into blood paradoxically does not lead to rapid uptake into the brain

Question 17

by how much is onset of psychoactive effects delayed

Answer 17

5-30 minutes and is longer for oral administration

Question 18

cannabinoid effects are primarily attenuated due to

Answer 18

absorption into fat tissues and psychoactive effects last ~3hrs

Question 19

Primary metabolite of THC?

Secondary?

Answer 19

11-OH-THC

THC-COOH

Question 20

who’s known as the father of psychopharmacology

Answer 20

Jacque-Joseph Moreau

Question 21

what are the subjective effects of low to moderate doses

Answer 21

• initial light-headedness or dizziness
• euphoria and exhilaration -> disinhibition and increased laughter
• calm, relaxed, dreamlike state (stoned)

Question 22

what are the physiological effects

Answer 22

• dilation of small blood vessels in eyes and skin
• increased heart rate, and decreased blood pressure -> can cause orthostatic hypotension/ nausea on movement which reinforces the tendency to remain sedentary
• dry mouth- compulsion to drink
• increased appetite- munchies

Question 23

true or false: adverse effects are seen frequently

Answer 23

false; occasionally-> often on first-time users and is rarer in chronic users

Question 24

what are the adverse effects

Answer 24

• anxiety or panic associated with feelings of paranoia
• delirium or hallucinations are extremely rare
• headaches reported with increased doses

Question 25

what are the cognitive effects

Answer 25

• intoxication can result in disordered thinking or speech and the inability to remain focused on a topic
• no effects on recall of information
• THC administration may impact explicitly memory encoding/ recall (short-term memory)
• previous exposure may decrease cognitive effects -> cognitive/ behavioural tolerance

Question 26

look at slides 19 and 20

Answer 26

too many words again bruh

Question 27

slow release from ____ allow THC metabolites to detected for weeks

Answer 27

lipid stores

Question 28

Current research models typically involve the use of a ________

Answer 28

single cannabinoid

Question 29

What issues could the use of a single cannibinoid cause in experiments?

What about an IV administration?

Answer 29

• Limits generalizbility
• Limits validity

Question 30

Deficits are seen tasks requiring ____

Answer 30

sustained attention

Question 31

What is catalepsy?

Answer 31

No movement; caused at THC doses