Nicotine and Caffeine Flashcards
what are the administrations for nicotine
oral, inhalation, intranasal and transdermal
which administration is the fastest for nicotine
inhalation reaches the brain 7 seconds after
true or false - the faster the metabolism , the more addictive
true
where is high affinity of NAChR found
VTA, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus
where are peripheral receptors of nicotine found
autonomic ganglia
_______ inputs to the VTA are responsible for activating the ________ neurons
cholinergic ; mesolimbic dopamine
how are nicotine’s reinforcing effects moderated
nicotine activates NAChR on the mesolimbic dopmaine projections from the VTA to nucleus accumbens
what is the difference between current smoker’s and non smoker’s side effects
current smokers - increased calmness and relaxation, increased attention and better mood
non smokers - anxiety, dizziness and nausea, decreased RT
nicotine decreases reaction time in what kind of task
in a task requiring sustained visual attention
how does acute tolerance develop
develops due to inactivation of NAChR -> after first ciagr of the day, nicotine remains very high in blood -> desensitizes NAChR
green tobacco illness is common to what
common in workers harvesting tobacco
during what time in someone’s life are they vulnerable to the development of addicitions
adolescence
what are the 3 ways to treat nicotine addiction
patches and gums
antidepressants -> bupropion
varenicline -> partial agonist at the NAChR
what is bupropion
non competitive NAChR antagonist and DA reuptake inhibitor
what happens when nicotine activates the PNS
- increased acid secretion in stomach -> ulcer
- increased peristalsis in bowel -> chronic diarrhea
if nicotine poison is not treated, what can happen
- convulsions
- respiratory failure due to depolarization block of diaphragm
why do people smoke nicotine
- antidepressant effects because it decreases monoamine levels
- suppresses appetite
- stops withdrawal associated deficits
how does caffeine get the most absorption
oral doses
true or false - coffee induces anxiety
true
what does biphasic effect of caffeine mean in animals
increased locomotion at low dose
decreased locomotion at high doses
true or false - caffeine can increase reaction times
false - decreased RT
true or false - caffeine is effective for migraines
false - for non migraine headaches
what is the main treatment for periodic stopping of breathing in premature infants
caffeine or theophylline
what is some physiological symptoms of caffeine withdrawal
headache, fatigue and depression
true or false - caffeine excites the mesolimbic DA pathway at only high doses
true
look at graphs on slide 17
go
