Nicotine and Caffeine

Question 1

what are the administrations for nicotine

Answer 1

oral, inhalation, intranasal and transdermal

Question 2

which administration is the fastest for nicotine

Answer 2

inhalation reaches the brain 7 seconds after

Question 3

true or false - the faster the metabolism , the more addictive

Answer 3

true

Question 4

where is high affinity of NAChR found

Answer 4

VTA, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus

Question 5

where are peripheral receptors of nicotine found

Answer 5

autonomic ganglia

Question 6

_______ inputs to the VTA are responsible for activating the ________ neurons

Answer 6

cholinergic ; mesolimbic dopamine

Question 7

how are nicotine’s reinforcing effects moderated

Answer 7

nicotine activates NAChR on the mesolimbic dopmaine projections from the VTA to nucleus accumbens

Question 8

what is the difference between current smoker’s and non smoker’s side effects

Answer 8

current smokers - increased calmness and relaxation, increased attention and better mood

non smokers - anxiety, dizziness and nausea, decreased RT

Question 9

nicotine decreases reaction time in what kind of task

Answer 9

in a task requiring sustained visual attention

Question 10

how does acute tolerance develop

Answer 10

develops due to inactivation of NAChR -> after first ciagr of the day, nicotine remains very high in blood -> desensitizes NAChR

Question 11

green tobacco illness is common to what

Answer 11

common in workers harvesting tobacco

Question 12

during what time in someone’s life are they vulnerable to the development of addicitions

Answer 12

adolescence

Question 13

what are the 3 ways to treat nicotine addiction

Answer 13

patches and gums
antidepressants -> bupropion
varenicline -> partial agonist at the NAChR

Question 14

what is bupropion

Answer 14

non competitive NAChR antagonist and DA reuptake inhibitor

Question 15

what happens when nicotine activates the PNS

Answer 15

1. increased acid secretion in stomach -> ulcer
2. increased peristalsis in bowel -> chronic diarrhea

Question 16

if nicotine poison is not treated, what can happen

Answer 16

1. convulsions
2. respiratory failure due to depolarization block of diaphragm

Question 17

why do people smoke nicotine

Answer 17

1. antidepressant effects because it decreases monoamine levels
2. suppresses appetite
3. stops withdrawal associated deficits

Question 18

how does caffeine get the most absorption

Answer 18

oral doses

Question 19

true or false - coffee induces anxiety

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what does biphasic effect of caffeine mean in animals

Answer 20

increased locomotion at low dose
decreased locomotion at high doses

Question 21

true or false - caffeine can increase reaction times

Answer 21

false - decreased RT

Question 22

true or false - caffeine is effective for migraines

Answer 22

false - for non migraine headaches

Question 23

what is the main treatment for periodic stopping of breathing in premature infants

Answer 23

caffeine or theophylline

Question 24

what is some physiological symptoms of caffeine withdrawal

Answer 24

headache, fatigue and depression

Question 25

true or false - caffeine excites the mesolimbic DA pathway at only high doses

Answer 25

true

Question 26

look at graphs on slide 17

Answer 26

go