Opiods Reinforcement and Dependence Flashcards
self administration increase/decrease over time
increase
true or false - heroin self administration is self regulated in rats
true
true or false - heroin SA is erratic and mortality is high
false - cocaine is
describe the projections of the dopaminergic neurons
from VTA -> NAc -> ventral palladium
dopaminergic projections provide _____________ to information passing to the ventral palladium
motivational salience
when there is no reinforcing dopamine, the release of it is under what control
tonic inhibitory control of GABA interneurons
dopamine release in the NAc provides negative/positive reinforcement
positive
what does mu-receptor activation result in
disinhibition of NAc dopamine release
in the mesolimbic pathway, what does endorphin secreting neurons do
provides inhibitory input to GABAergic interneurons in the VTA
in the mesolimbic pathway, Beta-endorphins do what
provides inhibitory control over GABA interneurons
opiates act at GABAergic interneuron terminals through what type of transmission
axoaxonal transmission
in the mesolimbic pathway, what does dynorphin do
provides direct inhibitory control over dopamine neurons
agonists at the mu and delta receptors are _________ and lead to _______ and ________
reinforcing ; conditioned place preference ; self administration
agonists at the kappa receptor will induce _______________
conditioned place aversion
opiates act primarily through ______ receptors to provide _________ salience
mu-opiod ; incentive
dynorphins act through __________ receptors to provide ________ salience
kappa ; aversive
using 6-OHDA to induce lesions in dopamine does what to self administration
reduces it
_____ is more reinforcing than morphine due to _____________
heroin ; because it has more quick transit across the BBB
what kind of administration is more reinforcing and why
IV administration is more reinforcing than IM or oral due to its more quick access to the BBB
true or false - inhalation is not that reinforcing
false - it is highly reinforcing
true or false - reinforcement by drugs of abuse is far stronger than natural reward
true
opiates withdrawal leads to CNS hyper/hypo activity
hyper
withdrawal symptoms can be described as _____ hyperactivity
rebound
study slide 11 and know some of the actions and signs like 3-4
ok good
true or false - MK801 reduces behavioral tolerance
true
MK801 is what type of antagonist
NMDA receptor
human behavioral tolerance contributes to the decreased effects of ____
opiates
look at diagram on slide 12
good
explain the physical dependence model
initial drug use -> repeated drug use -> physical dependence -> tries to stay abstinent -> withdrawal symptoms -> relapse
true or false - operant conditioning plays a role in relapse
false - classical conditioning
what are the 3 limitations of the physical dependence model , VERY briefly explain each one
- some addictive drugs do not show dependence -> dependence can be developed without addiction
- relapse can occur after detoxification
- does not account for psychological contributions to relapse
explain the positive reinforcement model
initial drug use -> positive reinforcement -> repeated use -> tries abstinence -> compulsive desire to experience drug induced euphoria -> relapse
what are the limitations of positive reinforcement model
- euphoric effects diminish with use
- many people voluntarily stop using the drugs that are very reinforcing such as cocaine and heroin
- individual differences
what does the incentive sensitization model try to do
distinguish drug liking and drug wanting
explain the incentive sensitization model
initial drug use -> positive reinforcement -> repeated use -> sensitization of drug wanting -> tries abstinence -> compulsive desire for the drug because of sensitization of the incentive salience -> relapse
in the incentive sensitization model the drug liking system undergoes ______
tolerance
just read slide 18, it is just confusing lol
go
what are the limitations of incentive sensitization and opponent process model
- both address neural mechanisms
- both explain aspects of addictions
- neither model talks about initial drug use
- no incorporation of psychosocial factors in the patterns of addiction
true or false - drug use initiation is sufficient for development of a substance use disorder
false - necessary but not sufficient
the disease model of addiction removes what
the moral aspects of addictions
what does the disease model of addiction say
proposes that drug addiction results from predisposed differences in susceptibility
_____ is a predictive risk of substance use
disinhibition aka predisposition to impulsiveness or hyperactivity
incentive sensitization provides an explanation of _____ whereas opponent process provides ______
drug craving ; explanation of dysphoria during withdrawal
