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PSYCH 478 > Hallucinogens > Flashcards

Hallucinogens Flashcards

1
Q

psychedelic means what

A

mind opening

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2
Q

where are pyschedelics more common

A

recreational and clinical use

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3
Q

what kind if distortions does hallucinogens create

A

perceptual and cognitive

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4
Q

what drug category does mescaline belong to and where is it found

A

psychactive alkyloid found in peyote cactus

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5
Q

what drug category does psilocybin belong to and where is it found

A

endogenous active alkyloid prodrug found in mushrooms

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6
Q

psilocybin is metabolized to what

A

psilocin

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7
Q

what drug category does DMT belong to

A

psychoactive tryptamine

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8
Q

what is ayahuasca

A

strong tea brewed with DMT

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9
Q

when is the tea psychoactive and why

A

when brewed with reversible MAO inhibitors (beta carbolines) -> they can inhibit first pass metabolism

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10
Q

lysergic acid is a chemical precursor to ______, which is what

A

ergot alkyloids -> toxin that infests wheat crops

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11
Q

what medical use does ergot alkyloids have

A

induce labor

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12
Q

what was LSD first marketed as

A

delysid for neurotic patients

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13
Q

what is psycholytic therapy

A

low dose of LSD was givent to promote release of repressed memories

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14
Q

what kind of dose did psychedelic therapy use

A

high dose of LSD -> induced spiritual experience

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15
Q

self reported spiritual experiences from psychedelic therapy correlated with what

A

increased treatment efficacy

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16
Q

how did psychedelic therapy impact depression

A

improved depression scores

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17
Q

what were the 3 influential figures in psychedelic culture and what was the most important thing one of them did

A

Aldous huxley
Gordon wasson
Timothy Leary -> founded the harvard psychedelic drug research program

18
Q

what is Project MKUltra

A

series of illegal human experiments -> investigate methods for mind control and interrogation

19
Q

most hallucinogens are readily available through what type of administration

A

orally

20
Q

what is the greatest impacts on the onset of hallucinogens

A

food

21
Q

which two hallucinogens are psychoactive

A

LSD and mescaline

22
Q

what is the one exception to the pharmacology of hallucinogens and why

A

DMT -> inhalation, rapid onset, short effects

23
Q

what are the 4 common effects of hallucinogens

A

1.onset -> visual effects
2.plateau
3.peak -> synesthesia, distorted time
4.come down

24
Q

what are the two types of hallucinogenic experiences

A

good trip -> spiritually enlightening experience
bad trip -> disturbing

25
Q

how does hallucinogens effect blood flow and where

A

decreases blood flow in ACC and PFC

26
Q

what is the default mode network and how is this impacted by hallucinogens

A

proposed to produce effects by inhibiting the self or ego -> unconstrained cognition

27
Q

adverse effects of LSD ingestion are more common with what

A

eating a whole peyote or psilocybin mushrooms

28
Q

indoleamine is similar to what NT

A

serotonin

29
Q

what three hallucinogens contains indoleamine

A

psilocin, DMT and LSD

30
Q

mescaline has a structural homology to what

A

catecholamines

31
Q

true or false - every bad trip with hallucinogens results in hospitalization

A

false - very rare , generally managed by support

32
Q

what is hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

A

re experiencing perceptual symptoms of intoxication after stopping the drug -> flashbacks

33
Q

the effects of hallucinogens are primarily through what receptor

A

5-HT2A

34
Q

which two hallucingens are agonists at the 5-HT2A receptor

A

indoleamine and phenethylamine

35
Q

do dopamine receptors affect subjective effects

A

no

36
Q

subjective effects of psilocybin were blocked by what receptors

A

5-HT2A antagonist and inverse agonist

37
Q

true or false - self administration of hallucinogens is demonstrable in animals

A

false - it is not

38
Q

true or false - hallucinogens develop rapid tolerance

A

true

39
Q

describe the pharmacodynamic tolerance of hallucinogens

A

5-HT2A receptors are downregulated with daily LSD administration

40
Q

is there dependence in hallucinogens

A

no -> there is no binge or crave

41
Q

can hallucinogens have abuse potential

A

no

PSYCH 478 (28 decks)

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