Hallucinogens Flashcards
psychedelic means what
mind opening
where are pyschedelics more common
recreational and clinical use
what kind if distortions does hallucinogens create
perceptual and cognitive
what drug category does mescaline belong to and where is it found
psychactive alkyloid found in peyote cactus
what drug category does psilocybin belong to and where is it found
endogenous active alkyloid prodrug found in mushrooms
psilocybin is metabolized to what
psilocin
what drug category does DMT belong to
psychoactive tryptamine
what is ayahuasca
strong tea brewed with DMT
when is the tea psychoactive and why
when brewed with reversible MAO inhibitors (beta carbolines) -> they can inhibit first pass metabolism
lysergic acid is a chemical precursor to ______, which is what
ergot alkyloids -> toxin that infests wheat crops
what medical use does ergot alkyloids have
induce labor
what was LSD first marketed as
delysid for neurotic patients
what is psycholytic therapy
low dose of LSD was givent to promote release of repressed memories
what kind of dose did psychedelic therapy use
high dose of LSD -> induced spiritual experience
self reported spiritual experiences from psychedelic therapy correlated with what
increased treatment efficacy
how did psychedelic therapy impact depression
improved depression scores
what were the 3 influential figures in psychedelic culture and what was the most important thing one of them did
Aldous huxley
Gordon wasson
Timothy Leary -> founded the harvard psychedelic drug research program
what is Project MKUltra
series of illegal human experiments -> investigate methods for mind control and interrogation
most hallucinogens are readily available through what type of administration
orally
what is the greatest impacts on the onset of hallucinogens
food
which two hallucinogens are psychoactive
LSD and mescaline
what is the one exception to the pharmacology of hallucinogens and why
DMT -> inhalation, rapid onset, short effects
what are the 4 common effects of hallucinogens
1.onset -> visual effects
2.plateau
3.peak -> synesthesia, distorted time
4.come down
what are the two types of hallucinogenic experiences
good trip -> spiritually enlightening experience
bad trip -> disturbing
how does hallucinogens effect blood flow and where
decreases blood flow in ACC and PFC
what is the default mode network and how is this impacted by hallucinogens
proposed to produce effects by inhibiting the self or ego -> unconstrained cognition
adverse effects of LSD ingestion are more common with what
eating a whole peyote or psilocybin mushrooms
indoleamine is similar to what NT
serotonin
what three hallucinogens contains indoleamine
psilocin, DMT and LSD
mescaline has a structural homology to what
catecholamines
true or false - every bad trip with hallucinogens results in hospitalization
false - very rare , generally managed by support
what is hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
re experiencing perceptual symptoms of intoxication after stopping the drug -> flashbacks
the effects of hallucinogens are primarily through what receptor
5-HT2A
which two hallucingens are agonists at the 5-HT2A receptor
indoleamine and phenethylamine
do dopamine receptors affect subjective effects
no
subjective effects of psilocybin were blocked by what receptors
5-HT2A antagonist and inverse agonist
true or false - self administration of hallucinogens is demonstrable in animals
false - it is not
true or false - hallucinogens develop rapid tolerance
true
describe the pharmacodynamic tolerance of hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptors are downregulated with daily LSD administration
is there dependence in hallucinogens
no -> there is no binge or crave
can hallucinogens have abuse potential
no
