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PSYCH 478 > Dopamine > Flashcards

Dopamine Flashcards

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1
Q

monoamines share a common what

A

single amine functional group

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2
Q

what are the 3 catecholamines

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine

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3
Q

is serotonin a catecholamine, a monoamine or both

A

monoamine

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4
Q

true or false - the enzymes in the formation fo dopamine are rate limiting

A

true

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5
Q

what is VMAT

A

transporter that loads dopamine into vesicles

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6
Q

what inhibits VMAT

A

reserpine

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7
Q

reserpine causes _____ in animals and ______ in humans

A

sedation/depression

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8
Q

what are the 2 pathways to making homovanillic acid

A
  1. DA + MAO -> DOPAC + COMT -> HVA
  2. DA + COMT -> 3-MT + MAO -> HVA
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9
Q

what are the 3 things that occur when cocaine and amphetamines inhibit DAT reuptake

A
  1. increases dopamine in the syanpse
  2. prolong dopamine signaling
  3. hyperactivity of DA circuits
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10
Q

the presynaptic terminal of a dopaminergic synapse is rich in what 3 enzymes

A

TH, DOPA and decarboxylase

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11
Q

is D1 family associated with excitatory or inhibitory features

A

excitatory

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12
Q

Gs alpha does what

A

increases cAMP

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13
Q

Gi alpha does what

A

decreases cAMP

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14
Q

what kind of receptors are D1 and D2

A

G-coupled receptors

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15
Q

where does dopamine synapse

A

on the neck of dendritic spines

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16
Q

what are the 3 dopaminergic pathways

A

nigrostriatal, tuberoinfundibular, mesolimbic

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17
Q

what are the projections of the nigrostriatal system

A

from substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area to striatum

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18
Q

in the mesolimbic system, there are projections from the ventral tegmental area to what

A

limbic system and nucleus accumbens

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19
Q

true or false - 6-OHDA is permeable to the BBB

A

false - it cannot cross the BBB

20
Q

what is 6-OHDA

A

a selective neurotoxin

21
Q

what are the outcomes of a bilateral nigrostriatal lesion

A

sensory neglect and motor impairment

22
Q

what are the outcomes of a unilateral lesion

A

postural asymmetry and turning

23
Q

what is MPTP

A

a neurotoxin that depletes dopamine -> parkinson symptoms

24
Q

true or false - MPTP is resisant to L-DOPA treatment

A

true

25
Q

why could there be too much D1 and D2 receptors in the basal ganglia , what is the outcome

A

when there is no dopamine to activate the receptors, they just stay there and therefore no movement can be initiated properly

26
Q

DAT knockout causes hyper or hypoactivity

A

hyperactivity

27
Q

what drug has similar effects to the DAT knockout

A

cocaine

28
Q

____ receptor knockout removes the effects of cocaine on hyperactivity

A

D1

29
Q

what are the main functions of nucleus accumbens

A

modifies awareness of information flow in addictions and psychosis

30
Q

limbic connections mediate what 3 things

A

memory, learning and affect

31
Q

hyperactivity in the mesolimib system leads to positive/negative symptoms

A

positive

32
Q

list examples of positive symptoms

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic motor actions

33
Q

list examples of negative symptoms

A

social deficits, cognitive deficits and avolition

34
Q

what can excess dopamine in the nucleus accumbens leads to what in patients

A

perceive voices, sounds and imagery

35
Q

in schizophrenia patients, explain the process of dopamine at the nucleus accumbens and compare to healthy people

A

in healthy people -> information important, dopamine will be sent to the NA
in schizophrenia patients -> information that is not important will come through which is associated with excess dopamine at the NA

36
Q

what are the two common antipsychotics that inhibit D1 and D2

A

chlorpromazine and haloperidol

37
Q

antipsychotic efficacy is correlated with ______

A

D2 binding

38
Q

match the definition to the term

inability to initiate movement

A

akinesia

39
Q

match the definition to the term

inability to remain motionless

A

akathisia

40
Q

match the definition to the term

fixed parkinsonism without degeneration of dopamine

A

pseduoparkinsonism

41
Q

what are some symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia

A

spontaneous lactation, sexual dysfunction and infertility

42
Q

schizophrenia patients have the highest comorbidity with which addiction , second highest?

A

first -> nicotine abuse
second -> alcohol and drug abuse

43
Q

early aubstance abuse correlates with what

A

schizophrenia onset and severity

44
Q

what is a frequent reason for the first episode of psychosis

A

cannabis and amphetamine intoxication

45
Q

reduced D2/3 binding correlates with what

A

high impulsivity and addictive behavior

46
Q

true or false - impulse control is a component of executive function

A

true

PSYCH 478 (28 decks)

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