Cocaine Flashcards
true or false - psychostimulants and stimulants are the same
true
true or false - psychoactive drugs produce a decrease in mental function
false - increase
what are four psychostimulants
cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine
where is the pscyhoactive alkaloid isolated from
coco shrub
what is the best way to administer psychoactive drugs to get the best effects and why
oral -> when you chew the leaves with lime then it reduces the hydrolysis -> more effects
what was something you could drink that has the cocaine hit without alcohol
coca cola
what is the harrison act
all narcotics given out have to be through prescription
what is mariani wine
it is cocaine + wine concotion
true or false - crack cocaine is considered as an epidemic
true
what are the 3 ways cocaine can be given
oral , intranasal or IV
cocaine can be recrystallized as a _______
free base
crack cocaine can be made by heating cocaine with _______
baking soda
how is crack cocaine and free base cocaine delivered
inhalation
how is illicit cocaine purified
leaves are chopped and mixed with lime or cement and then left to soak for 24 hours -> pressed to create a crude extract
how is free base cocaine purified
extracted by neutralization with an acid -> precipitated with NaOH -> dried paste is made with 60% pure cocaine
true or false - IV cocaine lasts a long time
false - enters quick but does not last long
true or false - cocaine thru intranasal takes long time to enter and stays long time
true
what are the two administrations for rapid access ways to the CNS
inhalation and intranasal
how is cocaine metabolized (what enzyme)
esterases -> CYP450 in liver
what is cocaethylene
active metabolite made in the presence of alcohol -> greater cardiotoxic effects
what is methylecgonidine
produced by heating of cocaine and can be found in urine
true or false - cocaine is hydrophillic
false - it is amphipathic
true or false - cocaine can pass BBB
true
what are 5 effects of cocaine
insomnia, inflated self esteem, anorexia, psychosis and increased HR
what are two subjective effects of cocoaine
euphoria and dysphoria
true or false - cocaine administration results in locomotor hyperactivity
true
what are common stereotyped behaviors
bobbing, pacing, excess grooming
do animals self administer cocaine
yes to the point of anorexia and death
how can you tell rodents are intoxicated
by hyperactivity
true or false - cocaine is a SSRI
false - it is an SNDRI (serotonin, NE and dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
cocaine blocks what transporter
DAT
cocaine blocks __ channels and can be used as a _______ in humans
Na / topical anaesthetic
how does cocaine decrease monoamine synthesis
through presynaptic autoreceptors
cocaine tolerance develops _____ and ______
acutely and transiently
true or false - intermittent use produces tolerance
false - sensitization
in animal models, continuos infusion results in______
tolerance to effects
true or false - both humans and animals show cross sensitization to other stimulants
true
does withdrawal to cocaine have serious effects
no
what are the three phases of binge users
- crash
- withdrawal
- extinction
what are some acute withdrawal effects
dysphoria, strong craving, fatigue, prolonged sleep and hyperphagia
which phase does dysphoric syndrome occur
withdrawal
what is dysphoric syndrome
boredom, anxiety and increased craving
how is overdose treated
administers a sedative (benzo) to decrease HR and BP -> use of ice
