Oxytocin and vasopressin Flashcards
where is oxytocin and vasopressin released from
posterior pituitary
oxytocin is able to elicit what kind of contraction
uterine contraction
vasopressin is also known as what two names
arginine vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone
what are the two main functions of vasopressin
vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic
how does vasopressin act as a antidiuretic
modulates water channels in nephron -> increases water resorption
vasopressin is a regulator of what 3 molecules
water, glucose and salt
cleavage of what what type of polypeptides give rise to OXT and AVP
preproOXT/AVP
prepro OXT yields ___
prepro AVP yields ___
neurophysin I
neurophysin II
what do neurphysins function as
carrier proteins for peptide hormones
OXT and AVP are released to what portal system
hypophyseal portal system
where is OXT and AVP synthesized
secretory neurons
true or false - oxytocin binds to one receptor
true
true or false - OXT receptor is a Ga coupled receptor
false - it is a Gq coupled receptor
what are some roles that oxytocin is involved in behavior
social bonding, sexual arousal, envy, bonding and feeding
when AVP has decreased function, what happens
hypernatremia -> high blood sodium
polyuria -> excess urine
polydipsia -> excess thirst
vasopressin binds to __ different receptors , where __ is expressed in the CNS
4 ; 2
what are the two receptors of AVP expressed in CNS
Gq coupled and peripheral receptors
oxytocinergic neurons proje ct from the ____ to the ___ and the ____
PVN ; forebrain ; hindbrain
oxytocinergic neurons innervate what 4 areas
amygdal, hippocampus , NAc and VTA
what does en passant mean -> and why did we talk about this in regards to oxytocin
along the length of axons -> OXT is released from synapses at axon terminals en passant
what animal did we talk about that showed interesting patterns of social behavior and what are these
voles of the genus microtus -> form life long monogamous bonds, share huddles, grooming.
which animal shows contrary social behaviors to the microtus voles
montane or meadow voles
how can social behaviors measured
using partner preference
OXTR binding capacity correlates with what
social behavior
maternal care is associated with increased ___ function
OXT
how does early childhood and adult neglect affect OXT levels
decreased OXT levels in urine and in women with history of child abuse have decreased OXT in CSF
human parents and infants with high _______ have increased OXT levels in saliva
parent infant synchrony
female offspring of low-licking/grooming rats show _____ where as male offspring of low licking/grooming rats show ____
earlier sexual receptivity ; increased dominant play-fighting
early social deprivation leads to what
impaired maternal care, increased aggression, impaired social recognition
true or false - the prarie voles had more oxytocin in the NAcc than montane
true
OXT and OXTR knockouts can produce what two social deficits
decreased social memory and decreased isolation anxiety
social behaviors can be restored in knockout OXT mice by doing what
intracerebrovascular injection of OXT before initial social exposure
what are the deficits of knockout OXT mice in association with ASD
persistence deficits in social communication and repetitive/restricted patterns of behavior (fixated interests, inflexible adherence to routines)
IV oxytocin is used to what
induce uterine contractions for labor
true or false - intranasal OXT cannot bypass the BBB
false - it can so it can prolong the bioavailability of the drug
true or false - intranasal OXT is psychoactive
true
what kind of administration improves social function is autism and schizophrenia and how
intransal OXT
-> increases gaze fixing, improves social recognition and affective speech
in fMRI studies, intranasal OXT shows decreased activation in ____ which leads to
amygdala ; decreased emotional processing
how does intranasal OXT affect trust games
increased subjects ratings of trustworthiness and gave more money to trustworthy people
true or false - intranasal OXT increases disclosure of emotional events
true
OXT administration into CSF of male rates caused ____
spontaneous erection
which areas are active during an orgasm
OXT-rich areas such as PVN
in prarie voles, __ is released in females during mating whereas __ is released in males
OXT ; AVP
true or false - vasopressin is known as the love hormone
false - oxytocin
explain the stop distance experiment and the results
male volunteers are placed into an encounter with attractive females -> distance varied until subject reaches ideal distance
results -> the people in a relationship and OXT administration had a greater gap than people who were single and had OXT
-> fidelity??
most measurements of OXT in studies use ______ levels
peripheral
