Reptiles Flashcards
Why get away from water?
more efficient heart
Why get away from water?
amniotic egg
Why get away from water?
better excretory system
Now that reptiles are terrestrial they must…
conserve water
how do reptiles conserve water?
by producing a special nitrogenous waste - uric acid
how is the skin waterproofed?
by keratin which protects them from desecration
how do reptiles breathe?
via lungs
birds and mammals have completely separate ____ and ____ systems
pulmonary and systemic systems
amniotic egg
egg surrounded by extra-embryonic membranes
when did the amniotic egg first develop?
carboniferous era
characteristics of amniotic egg
leathery or birttle: mechanical support so they don’t collapse on land
characteristics of amniotic egg
permeable to gases: gas exchange
characteristics of amniotic egg
fairly impermeable to water
characteristics of amniotic egg
not present in therian mammals
why is allontois no longer needed in the mother’s womb?
because of the umbilical cord connecting the baby to the mom - mom gets rid of all the waste
Consequences of using terrestrial eggs
internal fertilization - sperm cannot penetrate the egg shell
Consequences of using terrestrial eggs
non-toxic nitrogen waste product is required (uric acid)
What do excretory organs do?
control concentration and composition of extracellular fluids and excrete waste
salts and ions are released by the
skin, gills, kidneys, or specilized glands
excretory products
salts
excretory products
ions
excretory products
water
excretory products
fecal matter released by digestive system
excretory products
nitrogenous wastes
what are nitrogenous wastes
product of protein and DNA metabolism
excretory organs (kidneys) and skin and gills release
nitrogenous wastes
ammonia is very toxic that’s why its needs to be …
diluted and disposed of quickly or converted a less toxic form
who excretes ammonia?
ray finned fishes - marine and freshwater
who excretes ammonia?
aquatic invertebrates
who excretes ammonia?
Larval amphibians
Urea is
soluble in water and not very toxic
who excretes urea?
Cartilaginous fish
who excretes urea?
most adult amphibians
who excretes urea?
mammals
Uric acid is
insoluble in water and not toxic
Who excretes Uric Acid?
insects
Who excretes Uric Acid?
reptiles
Who excretes Uric Acid?
birds
what is the excretory organ of verebrates?
kidney
whats the function of the kidney?
to regulate levels of water and dissolved solutes in blood and form urine
where is urine made?
in the kidney
how is urine transported?
by the ureter
where is urine transported to?
into the bladder
how much blood do humans have?
5 L
how much blood does the kidney receive each day?
2000 L
what were the first amniotes and when did they arise?
non-avian reptiles and they arose during the carboniferous era
Example of Testudinia
turtles and tortoises
what forms the shell of a turtle?
dorsal and ventral bony plates
what is the inner layer of turtles derived from?
part of the backbone and ribs
Lepidosauria: Squamates
lizards and snakes
Lepidosauria: Tutars
resemble lizards; have several different characters - only two species have survived
Tuataras only live in
nEw Zeland
Tutaras have NO
external ears
