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Bio 111 > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why get away from water?

A

more efficient heart

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2
Q

Why get away from water?

A

amniotic egg

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3
Q

Why get away from water?

A

better excretory system

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4
Q

Now that reptiles are terrestrial they must…

A

conserve water

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5
Q

how do reptiles conserve water?

A

by producing a special nitrogenous waste - uric acid

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6
Q

how is the skin waterproofed?

A

by keratin which protects them from desecration

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7
Q

how do reptiles breathe?

A

via lungs

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8
Q

birds and mammals have completely separate ____ and ____ systems

A

pulmonary and systemic systems

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9
Q

amniotic egg

A

egg surrounded by extra-embryonic membranes

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10
Q

when did the amniotic egg first develop?

A

carboniferous era

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11
Q

characteristics of amniotic egg

A

leathery or birttle: mechanical support so they don’t collapse on land

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12
Q

characteristics of amniotic egg

A

permeable to gases: gas exchange

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13
Q

characteristics of amniotic egg

A

fairly impermeable to water

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14
Q

characteristics of amniotic egg

A

not present in therian mammals

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15
Q

why is allontois no longer needed in the mother’s womb?

A

because of the umbilical cord connecting the baby to the mom - mom gets rid of all the waste

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16
Q

Consequences of using terrestrial eggs

A

internal fertilization - sperm cannot penetrate the egg shell

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17
Q

Consequences of using terrestrial eggs

A

non-toxic nitrogen waste product is required (uric acid)

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18
Q

What do excretory organs do?

A

control concentration and composition of extracellular fluids and excrete waste

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19
Q

salts and ions are released by the

A

skin, gills, kidneys, or specilized glands

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20
Q

excretory products

A

salts

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21
Q

excretory products

A

ions

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22
Q

excretory products

A

water

23
Q

excretory products

A

fecal matter released by digestive system

24
Q

excretory products

A

nitrogenous wastes

25
Q

what are nitrogenous wastes

A

product of protein and DNA metabolism

26
Q

excretory organs (kidneys) and skin and gills release

A

nitrogenous wastes

27
Q

ammonia is very toxic that’s why its needs to be …

A

diluted and disposed of quickly or converted a less toxic form

28
Q

who excretes ammonia?

A

ray finned fishes - marine and freshwater

29
Q

who excretes ammonia?

A

aquatic invertebrates

30
Q

who excretes ammonia?

A

Larval amphibians

31
Q

Urea is

A

soluble in water and not very toxic

32
Q

who excretes urea?

A

Cartilaginous fish

33
Q

who excretes urea?

A

most adult amphibians

34
Q

who excretes urea?

A

mammals

35
Q

Uric acid is

A

insoluble in water and not toxic

36
Q

Who excretes Uric Acid?

A

insects

37
Q

Who excretes Uric Acid?

A

reptiles

38
Q

Who excretes Uric Acid?

A

birds

39
Q

what is the excretory organ of verebrates?

A

kidney

40
Q

whats the function of the kidney?

A

to regulate levels of water and dissolved solutes in blood and form urine

41
Q

where is urine made?

A

in the kidney

42
Q

how is urine transported?

A

by the ureter

43
Q

where is urine transported to?

A

into the bladder

44
Q

how much blood do humans have?

A

5 L

45
Q

how much blood does the kidney receive each day?

A

2000 L

46
Q

what were the first amniotes and when did they arise?

A

non-avian reptiles and they arose during the carboniferous era

47
Q

Example of Testudinia

A

turtles and tortoises

48
Q

what forms the shell of a turtle?

A

dorsal and ventral bony plates

49
Q

what is the inner layer of turtles derived from?

A

part of the backbone and ribs

50
Q

Lepidosauria: Squamates

A

lizards and snakes

51
Q

Lepidosauria: Tutars

A

resemble lizards; have several different characters - only two species have survived

52
Q

Tuataras only live in

A

nEw Zeland

53
Q

Tutaras have NO

A

external ears

Bio 111 (15 decks)

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