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Bio 111 > Organismal Biology > Flashcards

Organismal Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

animals are eukaryotic, which means they have…

A
  • “true nucleus”

- membrane-bound organelles

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2
Q

what does it mean to be heterotrophic?

A

different feeding

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3
Q

what do heterotrophic organisms use as energy and carbon source?

A

organic materials

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4
Q

what are the modes of feeding?

A
  • predators
  • herbivores
  • filter feeders
  • parasites
  • detritivores
  • omnivores
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5
Q

Most animals have an ___ digestion

A

internal

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6
Q

aniamls guts are

A

internal and continuous with the outside environment and permits internal digestion of food items

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7
Q

having multiple cells (multicellularity) means…

A

cells can become specialized to carry out specific functions and can grow in size

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8
Q

animals don’t cell walls so how do they support their body?

A
  • hydrostatic skeleton
  • exoskeleton
  • endoskeleton
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9
Q

hydrostatic skeleton

A

muscles contract against fluid-filled cavity

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10
Q

example of an animal with a hydrostatic skeleton

A

earth worms

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11
Q

exoskeleton

A

non-living covering that does not grow with animal

- ex: moulting animals

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12
Q

Endoskeleton

A

internal support

-vertebrates (living tissue)

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13
Q

whats the importance of mobility at some life stage?

A
  • movement reduces competition

- enhances genetic diversity

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14
Q

Somatic (body cells) are ….

A

diploid

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15
Q

animals are ???

A

diplontic

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16
Q

fungi are???

A

haplontic

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17
Q

plants are???

A

alternating

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18
Q

what are tissues?

A

groups of similar cells organized into a functional unit

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19
Q

what type of tissues are there?

A
  • muscular
  • nervous
  • connective
  • epithelial
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20
Q

what type of connective tissues are there?

A
  • reticular
  • adipose
  • blood
  • bone
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21
Q

tissues can function together as ___ to complete more complex tasks

A

ORGANS

22
Q

how many species of animals are there

A

more than 1 million!

23
Q

how many are invertebrates?

A

97%

24
Q

when did animals evolve?

A

late precambrian

25
Q

who are the closest living relatives to animal origins?

A

colonial choanoflagellate protists

26
Q

what were the first animals?

A

marine

27
Q

when did the first animals live?

A

1.2 bya -700 mya

28
Q

when did the cambrian explosion happen?

A

542 - 490 mya

29
Q

what happened in the cambrian explosion?

A
  • rapid diversification
  • many new phyla were formed
  • burgess shale
30
Q

animals are…

A

monophyletic

  • Even though most of their charactersitics are shared with some other groups
  • no other groups share all of these characteristics
31
Q

evidence that animals are monophyletic

A
  • similar gene sequences
32
Q

evidence that animals are monophyletic

A
  • similar extracellular matrix molecules
33
Q

evidence that animals are monophyletic

A

unique types of junctions between cells

34
Q

what types of junctions between cells are there?

A

tight junctions

35
Q

what types of junctions between cells are there?

A

desmosome

36
Q

what types of junctions between cells are there?

A

gap junction

37
Q

what does porifera mean?

A

pore bearing

38
Q

how many species of sponges are there?

A

9000 species

39
Q

most sponges are

A

marine

40
Q

when are sponges motile?

A

as larvae

41
Q

sponge morphology is highly…

A

variable

42
Q

where do waste products go out of the from the sponges?

A

osculum

43
Q

how do sponges reproduce?

A

asexually through: FRAGMENTATION and BUDDING

44
Q

what is fragmentation

A

not self-induced brought about by waves or preators

45
Q

what is budding

A

clone of parent

46
Q

whats a form of sexual reproduction

A

hermaphroditic

47
Q

what is hermaphroditic

A

sperm and eggs are produced in choanocytes of ameobocytes

48
Q

where do eggs develop/

A

extracellular matrix

49
Q

features of extracellular matrix

A
  • non cellular
  • collagen, glycoproteins
  • some support
50
Q

features of spicules

A
  • CaCO3
  • SiO2
  • provide rigidity
51
Q

features of spongin

A
  • protein fibers

- flexible support

Bio 111 (15 decks)

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