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Bio 111 > Mammals Part I > Flashcards

Mammals Part I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many species of mammals are there?

A

5000 species

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2
Q

what the 3 unique features of mammals?

A
  1. hair: insulation, camouflage, sensory and defence
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3
Q

what the 3 unique features of mammals?

A
  1. sweat glands
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4
Q

what the 3 unique features of mammals?

A
  1. mammary glands
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5
Q

skull types of amniotes: anapsids

A

turtles

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6
Q

skull types of amniotes: synapsids

A

terapsids and mammals

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7
Q

skull types of amniotes: euryapsids

A

extinct marine reptiles

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8
Q

skull types of amniotes: diapsids

A

dinosaurs and birds

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9
Q

what is the key difference between skull size presence, size and number of temporal fenestrae:

A

holes that provide more surface area for muscle attachment

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10
Q

when did true mammals evolve?

A

around 225 mya - Triassic

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11
Q

Different morphological states of middle ear of mammals: MME

A

mandibular middle ear

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12
Q

Different morphological states of middle ear of mammals: TMME

A

transitional mandibular middle ear

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13
Q

Different morphological states of middle ear of mammals: DMME

A

definite mammalian middle ear

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14
Q

what did the development of the middle ear allow?

A

mammals to hear at higher frequencies than reptiles

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15
Q

mammals did not radiate until the extinction of??

A

dinosaurs

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16
Q

the ambulocetus is the ancestor to

A

whales

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17
Q

megatherium were

A

herbivourous and elephant sized

- giant ground sloth

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18
Q

how did smilodons go extinct?

A

hunting of humans

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19
Q

features of mammalia

A

endothermic

20
Q

features of mammalia

A

advanced nervous system

21
Q

features of mammalia

A

internal fertilization

22
Q

features of mammalia

A

unlike reptiles and fish, mammals also show heterodonty

23
Q

heterodonty

A

different teeth specilized for tasks

24
Q

features of mammalia

A

specilization in teeth among species = varied diets

25
Q

features of mammalia

A

4 chambered heart

26
Q

Prototherians

A
  • monotremes
  • egg laying
  • egg incubation until hatching
  • have mammary glands
  • playtpus, echidna
27
Q

marsupials

A
  • pouched

- early birth, fetus completes development in pouch

28
Q

Eutherians

A
  • placental

- embryo retained in female reproductive tract

29
Q

where did platypus (PERRY THE PLATYPUS) originate from?

A

eastern australia

30
Q

what do platypus use their bill for?

A

use bill to dig for custaceans and worms

31
Q

how many eggs do playpus lay?

A

2-4 eggs

32
Q

the platypus bill acts like a

A

sonar system
- similar to electric fish, bill of playtpus has a mechano- and electro receptors that allow organism to create a map with field lines that determine the location of prey

33
Q

Echidna are known as

A

“spiny anteaters”

34
Q

Marsupials do not

A

lay eggs

35
Q

marsupials have short ___ and long ___ ___

A

gestation; nursing periods

36
Q

what is the largest marsupial carnivore?

A

tasmanian devil

37
Q

why are Tasmanian devils extinct?

A

due to hunting and dingos

38
Q

94% of mammals are

A

eutherians

39
Q

eutherians have an

A

amniotic egg retained in the female reproductive tract

40
Q

Eutherians are often referred to as

A

placental animals - but some marsupials have placentas too

41
Q

placenta

A

organ formed by the embryo and mother after implantation

42
Q

how was the placenta formed?

A

by extra-embryonic membranes and uterus lining of the mother

43
Q

what occurs in the placenta?

A

gas, nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the embryo

44
Q

how do substances pass between the mom and fetus?

A

by diffusion

45
Q

what moves across the placenta?

A
  • small molecules
  • urea
  • nutrients
  • hormones
  • alcohol and drugs…

Bio 111 (15 decks)

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