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Bio 111 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

fungi can be either a …

A

friend or a foe

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2
Q

What do the absorptive heterotrphs release?

A

They release enzymes that digest dead or decaying material - suck in nutrients

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3
Q

Most fungi are…

A

decomposers

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4
Q

the cell wall of fungi is made of up…

A

chitin and glucans

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5
Q

are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

A

multicellular

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6
Q

most fungi are…

A

terrestrial

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7
Q

fungi produce…

A

spores both sexually and asexually

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8
Q

most fungi have a f________

A

filamentous body plan

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9
Q

What are hyphae?

A

long branched filaments

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10
Q

tangled mass of hyphae = ???

A

mycelium

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11
Q

Filmentous structure provides larger ____ ____

A

surface area

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12
Q

In many species, hyphae are divided into cell-like compartments by ….

A

porous septae

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13
Q

If there are no septae, the species is considered

A

coenocytic

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14
Q

How do mycellia get into plants that root can’t reach?

A

because they are super thin

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15
Q

Saprphytic

A

decomposers of dead material

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16
Q

commensal

A

+/0

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17
Q

mutalistic

A

+/+

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18
Q

parasitic

A

+/-

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19
Q

Where do most fungi grow?

A

underground

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20
Q

what percent of land plants have an association with fungi?

A

90%

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21
Q

Mycorrhiza?

A

mutualistic association between fungus and plant roots

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22
Q

what are the two types of mycorrhiza

A

ecto and endo

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23
Q

ecto-mycorrhiza is when the hyphae…

A

extend into soil and between plant cells

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24
Q

endo-mycorrhiza is when hypae grow…

A

through cell walls

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25
Q

what is one organism that fungi shares a mutualistic relationship with?

A

Lichens

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26
Q

Lichens are pioneer species in…

A

newly formed habitiats

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27
Q

What do lichens do?

A

they break down rock to form soil and tolerate extreme climates

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28
Q

LIchens supply ___ for tundra animals

A

food

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29
Q

Lichens are known as “air pollution indicators” because..

A

they are sensitive to toxins in air

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30
Q

Another organism that fungi have mutalisitc relationships with …

A

leaf cutter ants

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31
Q

leaf cutter ants supplies what to hyphae?

A

food and protection

32
Q

how do fruiting bodies produce spores?

A

through meiosis

33
Q

what are spores?

A

unicellular reproductive strucutres that are generated asexually or sexually

34
Q

what’s an example of a fruiting body that produces spores by meiosis

A

mushroom gill

35
Q

What’s mitosis?

A

production of 2 genetically identical daughter cells - haploid or diploid

36
Q

the production of four genetically different daughter cells

A

meiosis

37
Q

dipoid

A

2 copies of each gene - 2 matching chromosomes

38
Q

Examples of asexual reproduction

A
  • budding

- fission

39
Q

where are spores produced?

A

sporangia

40
Q

conidia

A

naked spores

41
Q

where do conidia form?

A

at the tips of hyphae

42
Q

how are spores commonly dispered?

A

by wind and water

43
Q

when did the fungi flourish?

A

during permian era

44
Q

fungi are closely related to…

A

animals

45
Q

How many known species of fungi are there?

A

100,000

46
Q

What is yeast?

A

unicellular fungi

47
Q

Yeast belongs to many groups such as…

A

zygo-, asco-, and basidio-mycota

48
Q

do yeasts have plasmids?

A

yes.

49
Q

how do yeasts reproduce?

A

asexually - budding or fission

50
Q

the relationship between microspordia and other eukaryotes is easy to understand or has puzzled taxonomists for decades?

A

has puzzled taxonomists for decade

51
Q

Microspordia are multicellular or unicellular?

A

unicellular

52
Q

what do microspordia have instead of mitochonrdia?

A

mitosomes

53
Q

what is the difference between mitosome and mitochondria?

A

mitosomes lack DNA

54
Q

Chytrids are p…

A

paraphyletic

55
Q

How many species of chytrids are there?

A
56
Q

chytrids are mainly … a…

A

aquatic

57
Q

Chytrids are the only group with …

A

motile stage

58
Q

Chytrids have both u…

A

unicellular and multicelluar stages

59
Q

Chytrids are the only fungi with …

A

alternating life cycles

60
Q

example of Zygomycota

A

bread mold

61
Q

What type of life cycle do zygomycota have

A

haplontic life cycle

62
Q

How many species of glomeromycota are there?

A

fewer than 200!

63
Q

what do glomeromycota form with plants?

A

arbuscular endomycorrhizae

64
Q

what do glomeromycota transfer to plants?

A

phosphorous

65
Q

glomeromycota show to increase tolerance to ___ and ____

A

stress and pathogens

66
Q

is there a known sexual stage in glomeromycota life cycle?

A

no.

67
Q

basidiomycota is the

A

club fungi

68
Q

basidiomycota can be both …

A

terrestrial and aquatic

69
Q

how many species of basidiomycota are there

A

around 30,000 species

70
Q

basidiomycota is the only group to completely ____ lignin

A

digest

71
Q

Ascomycota is the

A

sac fungi

72
Q

Ascomycota are both

A

terrestrial and aquatic

73
Q

how many species of Ascomycota are there?

A

70,000

74
Q

what percent of Ascomycota are lichens?

A

50%

75
Q

How are conidia produced in specialized hyphae?

A

asexually

76
Q

White nose syndrome was first observed in 2006 in bats…

A

hibernating in a cave in NEW YORK

77
Q

how many bats have been killed due to white nose syndrome?

A

7 million bats

Bio 111 (15 decks)

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