Fungi Flashcards
fungi can be either a …
friend or a foe
What do the absorptive heterotrphs release?
They release enzymes that digest dead or decaying material - suck in nutrients
Most fungi are…
decomposers
the cell wall of fungi is made of up…
chitin and glucans
are fungi multicellular or unicellular?
multicellular
most fungi are…
terrestrial
fungi produce…
spores both sexually and asexually
most fungi have a f________
filamentous body plan
What are hyphae?
long branched filaments
tangled mass of hyphae = ???
mycelium
Filmentous structure provides larger ____ ____
surface area
In many species, hyphae are divided into cell-like compartments by ….
porous septae
If there are no septae, the species is considered
coenocytic
How do mycellia get into plants that root can’t reach?
because they are super thin
Saprphytic
decomposers of dead material
commensal
+/0
mutalistic
+/+
parasitic
+/-
Where do most fungi grow?
underground
what percent of land plants have an association with fungi?
90%
Mycorrhiza?
mutualistic association between fungus and plant roots
what are the two types of mycorrhiza
ecto and endo
ecto-mycorrhiza is when the hyphae…
extend into soil and between plant cells
endo-mycorrhiza is when hypae grow…
through cell walls
what is one organism that fungi shares a mutualistic relationship with?
Lichens
Lichens are pioneer species in…
newly formed habitiats
What do lichens do?
they break down rock to form soil and tolerate extreme climates
LIchens supply ___ for tundra animals
food
Lichens are known as “air pollution indicators” because..
they are sensitive to toxins in air
Another organism that fungi have mutalisitc relationships with …
leaf cutter ants
leaf cutter ants supplies what to hyphae?
food and protection
how do fruiting bodies produce spores?
through meiosis
what are spores?
unicellular reproductive strucutres that are generated asexually or sexually
what’s an example of a fruiting body that produces spores by meiosis
mushroom gill
What’s mitosis?
production of 2 genetically identical daughter cells - haploid or diploid
the production of four genetically different daughter cells
meiosis
dipoid
2 copies of each gene - 2 matching chromosomes
Examples of asexual reproduction
- budding
- fission
where are spores produced?
sporangia
conidia
naked spores
where do conidia form?
at the tips of hyphae
how are spores commonly dispered?
by wind and water
when did the fungi flourish?
during permian era
fungi are closely related to…
animals
How many known species of fungi are there?
100,000
What is yeast?
unicellular fungi
Yeast belongs to many groups such as…
zygo-, asco-, and basidio-mycota
do yeasts have plasmids?
yes.
how do yeasts reproduce?
asexually - budding or fission
the relationship between microspordia and other eukaryotes is easy to understand or has puzzled taxonomists for decades?
has puzzled taxonomists for decade
Microspordia are multicellular or unicellular?
unicellular
what do microspordia have instead of mitochonrdia?
mitosomes
what is the difference between mitosome and mitochondria?
mitosomes lack DNA
Chytrids are p…
paraphyletic
How many species of chytrids are there?
chytrids are mainly … a…
aquatic
Chytrids are the only group with …
motile stage
Chytrids have both u…
unicellular and multicelluar stages
Chytrids are the only fungi with …
alternating life cycles
example of Zygomycota
bread mold
What type of life cycle do zygomycota have
haplontic life cycle
How many species of glomeromycota are there?
fewer than 200!
what do glomeromycota form with plants?
arbuscular endomycorrhizae
what do glomeromycota transfer to plants?
phosphorous
glomeromycota show to increase tolerance to ___ and ____
stress and pathogens
is there a known sexual stage in glomeromycota life cycle?
no.
basidiomycota is the
club fungi
basidiomycota can be both …
terrestrial and aquatic
how many species of basidiomycota are there
around 30,000 species
basidiomycota is the only group to completely ____ lignin
digest
Ascomycota is the
sac fungi
Ascomycota are both
terrestrial and aquatic
how many species of Ascomycota are there?
70,000
what percent of Ascomycota are lichens?
50%
How are conidia produced in specialized hyphae?
asexually
White nose syndrome was first observed in 2006 in bats…
hibernating in a cave in NEW YORK
how many bats have been killed due to white nose syndrome?
7 million bats
