Amphibians

Question 1

what are the two groups of bony fish?

Answer 1

ray finned fish and lobe finned fish

Question 2

Coelacanth was thought to go extinct but in 1938 was found in a…

Answer 2

South African fish market

Question 3

How do Lungfish “walk”

Answer 3

they walk on their lobe-fins

Question 4

How do Lung fish breathe?

Answer 4

They breathe through their gills and primitive lungs

Question 5

What do lung fish do during droughts?

Answer 5

estivate in mud and wait until the water comes back

Question 6

Tetrapod is an animal with ___ limbs

Answer 6

four

Question 7

why move on land?

Answer 7

Devonian droughts - shallow inland seas, swamps and ponds

Question 8

why move on land?

Answer 8

Increased competition in the water - small pools were becoming crowded

Question 9

why move on land?

Answer 9

New food resources on land such as arthropods and plants

Question 10

why move on land?

Answer 10

No vertebrate predators - a way to escape predators

Question 11

What are the five differences between land and water as relevant to life?

Answer 11

1. availability of water/moisture
2. density of medium
3. amount of oxygen
4. stability of temperature
5. amount of UV radiation

Question 12

What are the advantages of terrestrial respiration?

Answer 12

Air has a higher concentration of oxygen

Question 13

What are the advantages of terrestrial respiration?

Answer 13

Gases diffuse faster in air than water

- insects don’t ventilate

Question 14

Most gas exchange is through which process?

Answer 14

diffusion

Question 15

Lung evolution: 2 ventral pockets formed off of the??

Answer 15

esophagus

Question 16

Problems on Land?

Answer 16

water needed to prevent desiccation

• gas exchange requires a moist surface
• water is often required for fertilization
• water is recovered through condensation (important for animals who live in deserts)
• water is required to keep eggs moist so they don’t dry out

Question 17

Problems on Land?

Answer 17

air is less dense than water
- requires stronger skeletal support muscles - body is mostly water so you don’t need a lot of force pushing up on you in water

Question 18

Problems on Land?

Answer 18

Air temperature is more variable

• body temperature will fluctuate more
• need to modify behaviour/physiology
• water has a pretty stable temperature
• temperature change from day to night is very drastic

Question 19

Problems on Land?

Answer 19

UV Radiation

• physical protection or change in behaviour is necessary
• can lead to mutations

Question 20

Tetrapod solutions to land problems: Air is less dense than water

Answer 20

tetrapods have stronger limbs, vertebral columns, ribs to help them carry their bodies around on land

Question 21

What was the tail used for in early tetrapods?

Answer 21

balance (not swimming)

Question 22

Tetrapod solutions to land problems: O2 to be brought in and distrubited

Answer 22

more efficient circulatory system

Question 23

what kind of circulatory system do tetrapods have?

Answer 23

3 chambered heart double circuit of blood flow

Question 24

what’s the circulatory system in fish?

Answer 24

• 2 chambered hear
• blood oxygenated in the gills
• single circuit circulation
• relatively low pressure is required

Question 25

describe the circulatory system in amphibians?

Answer 25

• 3 chambered heart
• blood is oxygenated in the lungs and skin
• double circuit circulation
• advantages (blood is under higher pressure)
• Disadvantages: blood is mixed

Question 26

Breathing: when volume goes up, pressure goes…

Answer 26

down (I’m yelling timberrr you better run you better dance let’s make the night you won’t remember I’ll be the one you won’t forget oooo ooo ooo)

Question 27

Amphibians have ____ pressure breathing

Answer 27

POSITIVE

Question 28

inhalation is a ___ stroke process

Answer 28

two

Question 29

how many species of amphibians are there?

Answer 29

6000

Question 30

do they have scales?

Answer 30

no.