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Bio 111 > Fishes > Flashcards

Fishes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

FLASHBACK: what tare the characteristics unique to chorodates

A
  • notochord
  • post-anal tail
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
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2
Q

where are pharyngeal slits located?

A

on lateral surface of the head

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3
Q

pharyngeal slits seam to be an _______ trait in deuterostomes

A

ancestral

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4
Q

In vertebrates, pharyngeal tissue is supported by what?

A

arches

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5
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal slit?

A

filter feeding - water goes in and out through these slits

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6
Q

How do vertebrates breathe?

A
  • water comes in though the mouth and passes through the slits
  • O2 and CO2 can be exchanged across a respiratory surface = gills
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7
Q

where are the gills located?

A

between the slits

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8
Q

how are the gills supported?

A

by the arches

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9
Q

Gill slits =

A

pharyngeal slits

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10
Q

gill arches =

A

bars between the slits

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11
Q

where are the gill filaments located?

A

on the gill arches

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12
Q

how many pairs of gill arches do bony fish have?

A

four

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13
Q

operculum is a

A

gill cover

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14
Q

the structure of the gill filament is

A

a thin, vascularized, high surface area

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15
Q

where does gas exchange occur?

A

in the capillary beds in the gill filaments

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16
Q

Water and blood in which directions?

A

opposing

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17
Q

the water comes from the ____ across the filament between the _____

A

mouth ; lamella

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18
Q

when is efficiency of gas exchange low?

A

when the inside medium (in this case the blood) flows in the same direction as the outside medium (in this case the water)

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19
Q

Why does blood flow in the opposite direction to water flow?

A

so that concentration gradients are maintained along the length of the exchange area

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20
Q

the circulatory system of fish is

A

closed

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21
Q

describe the circulatory system

A

arteries (away from the heart ) –> arterioles –> capillaries
–> venules (towards the heart) –> veins

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22
Q

how many circuits do fish have?

A

one.

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23
Q

what circuits do we have?

A

pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

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24
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

heart –> lungs –> heart

25
Q

systemic circuit

A

heart –> body –> heart

26
Q

where is the fish heart located?

A

ventrally

27
Q

characteristics of vertebrates

A

axial skeleton

28
Q

characteristics of vertebrates

A

appendicular sksleton

29
Q

characteristics of vertebrates

A

closed circulatory system

30
Q

where are organs suspended in vertebrates

A

coelom

31
Q

who was derived from fish?

A

ALL OF US.

32
Q

fish make up ___% of vertebrate diversity

A

50

33
Q

Agnathans

A

jawless fish

34
Q

Jawless fish are considered vertebrates but NOT

A

gnathostomes

35
Q

what are the two groups of jawless fish

A

lampreys and hagfish

36
Q

jawless fish do NOT have

A

paired fins
swim bladder
scales

37
Q

Hagfish are s_________

A

Scavengers

38
Q

what allos hagfish to apply more force to pull stuff out of the ground?

A

knot tying

39
Q

what do hagfish use mucus for?

A

fight predators

40
Q

Lamprety do not have

A

jaws

41
Q

How were jaws formed?

A

by the fusion of gill arches

42
Q

how were teeth formed?

A

the evolution of scales in the mouth

43
Q

what is the largest fish to ever live

A

megalodon

44
Q

what do paired fins enable?

A

more active swimming - steering, stabilizing and lifting `

45
Q

two types of gnathostomes

A

cartilaginous fish

bony fishes

46
Q

Types of cartilaginous fishes

A

sharks
skates
rays

47
Q

cartilaginous fishes have

A

jaws
paired fins
scales

48
Q

cartilaginous fishes do NOT have

A

a swim bladder

49
Q

What’s the smallest living shark

A

dwarf lantern shark

50
Q

the largest living shark

A

whale shark

51
Q

Bony fishes

A

largest verebrate group

52
Q

Bony fishes have…

A

jaws
opercula
paired fins
scales

53
Q

opercula

A

gill cover

54
Q

what is the opercula used for

A

to suck water into the mouth

55
Q

what do Bony fishes use their swim bladder for?

A
  • as a flotation device
  • it enables neutral buoyancy
  • gas regulated by gland in bladder by swallowing/burping air
56
Q

name the two type of bony fishes

A
  1. ray finned fish

2. lobe finned fish

57
Q

most fishes are

A

ray finned fish

58
Q

our ancestors are

A

lobe finned fish

Bio 111 (15 decks)

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