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Bio 111 > I'm like a BIRD I wanna fly away I don't know where my home is. > Flashcards

I'm like a BIRD I wanna fly away I don't know where my home is. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s probably the ancestor to the bird?

A

Theropod dinosaur

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2
Q

what are shared characteristics between birds and dinosaur ancestor?

A
  • bipedal - 3 hind toes
  • carnivorous
  • 4 chambered heart
  • similar lungs
  • feathered
  • hollow bones
  • parental care of eggs and juveniles
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3
Q

Characteristics of a archeopetryx

A
  • crow-sized
  • feathers
  • wings
  • teeth
  • bony tail
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4
Q

How many species of birds are there?

A

9600

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5
Q

characteristics of birds

A

amniotes

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6
Q

characteristics of birds

A

endoterhmic

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7
Q

characteristics of birds

A

4 chambered heart

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8
Q

characteristics of birds

A

completely separate pulmonary and systemic circuits

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9
Q

characteristics of birds

A

feathers

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10
Q

characteristics of birds

A

most can fly

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11
Q

characteristics of birds

A

diverse beaks = diverse diets

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12
Q

thermoregulation definition

A

body temperature control

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13
Q

Ectotherms

A
  • absorb external heat

- depend on environment

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14
Q

most mammals are

A

ectothers

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15
Q

Endotherms

A

generate their own internal heat through metabolic process

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16
Q

How do endotherms generate heat?

A

Less efficient at transforming energy

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17
Q

metabolic rate is the …

A

sum of ALL energy expenditures

18
Q

It was thought that the metabolic rate of lizards would _____ as temperatures increased

A

increase

19
Q

In the field, what was the body temperature of a lizard?

A

the lizard maintained its body temperature at a different temperature than its environment

20
Q

How does a lizard maintain its body temperature between upper and lower limits?

A

by moving between hot and cold microhabitats

21
Q

what are the three types of thermoregulation?

A
  1. behavioural
  2. physiological
  3. physical
22
Q

Example of physiological thermoregulation

A

human thermostat

  • if temperature is too high: sweat - evaporative cooling
  • temperature is too cold: decrease blood flow to periphery, shivering
23
Q

Behavioural thermoregulation

A

orientation relative to heat source - basking, huddling and varying contact with heat surface
- moving locations throughout the day

24
Q

Physical thermoregulation

A
  • insulation (fur, feathers, fat)
  • colour
  • ratio of surface area to volume
25
Q

Flying and endothermy demand large amounts of…

A

oxygen

26
Q

Describe the Respiratory system of a bird

A
  • unidirectional flow of air through lungs
27
Q

ventilation in birds: breath 1

A
  • air is drawn into the posterior air sacs

- air is propelled through the lungs

28
Q

ventilation in birds: breath 2

A
  • same air is drawn into the anterior air sacs

- same air is propelled out through the nares

29
Q

how many cycles does it take for any breath of air to go in and come out?

A

2 cycles

30
Q

how many times has flight evolved?

A

4 times

31
Q

in what organisms did the evolution of flight occur in?

A
  • insects
  • pterosaurs
  • birds
  • BATS (only flying mammal)
32
Q

Convergent evolution are similarities due to

A

common environment but not a common ancestor

33
Q

Adaptations for flight

A

hollow bones

34
Q

Adaptations for flight

A

sternum enlarged and keeled

35
Q

Adaptations for flight

A

increases surface area for attachment of large flight muscles

36
Q

Adaptations for flight

A

feathers - theropod dinosaurs had feathers for insulation

37
Q

what is the function of feathers

A

insulation, flight, sensory structures, lining nests

38
Q

what are feathers composed of?

A

keratin - derived from scales

39
Q

how do wings enable flight?

A
  • object changes air flow pattern and creates lift

- particles must move faster to get over bump - accelerated flow around an airfoil

40
Q

Chukars

A
  • hatchlings run from danger often up steep inclines
  • they flap their wings
  • angel of wing flapping created traction rather than lift = “wing-assisted incline running”
  • this perhaps then evolved into FLYING

Bio 111 (15 decks)

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