Reproductive Histology

Question 1

fold of peritoneum that surrounds testis

Answer 1

tunica vaginalis

Question 2

tough layer of dense irregular fibroelastic tissue surrounding and extending into testis

Answer 2

tunica albuginea

Question 3

inner layer of loose fibrovascular tissue extending between seminiferous tubules

Answer 3

tunica vasculosa

Question 4

dense irregular fibrous tissue extending from tunica albuginea between lobules of seminal tubules

Answer 4

interstitial septa

Question 5

cells in tunica vasculosa that produce testosterone

Answer 5

interstitial cells

Question 6

tunics of testes (outer to inner)

Answer 6

tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

tunica vasculosa

Question 7

highly convoluted tubules where spermatogenesis occurs

Answer 7

seminiferous tubules

Question 8

what’s found in seminiferous tubules (from basal lamina)

Answer 8

basal lamina
sertoli cells
spermatogonia
spermatocytes
spermatids
spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)

Question 9

cells that maintain environment for spermatogenic cells, form blood-teste barrier, and produce antimullerian hormone

Answer 9

Sertoli cells

Question 10

cells after first mitotic division of sperm development (no meiosis yet); located along basal lamina

Answer 10

Spermatogonia

Question 11

Cells after 1st and 2nd meiotic divisions of sperm development; occupy the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

Spermatocytes

Question 12

Cells in sperm development with haploid number of chromosomes

Answer 12

Spermatids

Question 13

mature sperm cell that develops tail and are present in lumen of seminiferous tubule

Answer 13

spermatozoa

Question 14

why is the blood-testes barrier important?

Answer 14

so developing sperm aren’t destroyed by the immune system

Question 15

path of sperm

Answer 15

seminiferous tubules -> tubuli recti -> rete testes -> ductuli efferentes (efferent ducts) -> epididymis -> ductus deferens -> ejaculatory duct

Question 16

connects seminiferous tubules to rete testis to deliver spermatozoa

Answer 16

tubuli recti

Question 17

rete testes is lined by ______ epithelium and connects to _____

Answer 17

simple cuboidal

ductuli efferentes

Question 18

ductuli efferentes is lined by _________ and _______ epithelium and connects to ______

Answer 18

simple cuboidal and ciliated columnar

epididymis

Question 19

what’s unique about epididymis tissue

Answer 19

it’s pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

Question 20

tissue of ductus deferens and 3 layers of muscularis

Answer 20

pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

inner and outer longitudinal + middle circular

Question 21

opens into prostatic urethra

Answer 21

ejaculatory duct

Question 22

paired glands that produce 70% of semen volume

Answer 22

seminal vesicles

Question 23

largest accessory gland
surrounds prostatic urethra
secretes white fluid rich in nutrients
capsule of dense irregular fibrous tissue and smooth muscle

Answer 23

prostate gland

Question 24

paired glands at root of penis; secrete thick, sugar fluid

Answer 24

bulbourethral glands

Question 25

combined products of male reproductive glands promote

Answer 25

viability and mobility of sperm

Question 26

what makes up the erectile tissue of the penis

Answer 26

arteriovenous anastomoses corpus spongiosum (ventral) corpus cavernosum (dorsal)

Question 27

when arteriovenous anastomoses are open --> when arteriovenous anastomoses are closed -->

Answer 27

erectile tissue is bypass; nonperfused erectile tissue perfused; erect (anatomical position)

Question 28

cortex of ovary is composed of (3)

Answer 28

surface epithelium tunica albuginea stroma

Question 29

surface epithelium of ovaries is derived from

Answer 29

mesothelium

Question 30

dense irregular fibrous tissue that helps to subdivide ovaries

Answer 30

tunica albuginea

Question 31

what is the stroma of the cortex of the ovary?

Answer 31

stromal cells making CT framework of cortex has ovarian follicles and oocytes embedded at different stages of development also has interstitial glands (produce androgens)

Question 32

what's in the medulla of the ovary

Answer 32

highly vascularized loose fibrous tissue

Question 33

ovarian follicles are surrounded by _____ and consist of ______ + ________

Answer 33

stromal tissue primary oocyte + associated follicular cells

Question 34

what is the primordial follicle

Answer 34

primary oocyte arrested in meiosis I prophase and surrounded by follicular cells

Question 35

basic reproductive units of the ovary

Answer 35

primordial follicles

Question 36

what are the primordial germ cells (in ovary)

Answer 36

oogonia

Question 37

where to oogonia develop, where do they move to, and how many survive?

Answer 37

develop in yolk sac move to germinal ridges of developing ovaries 5-7 million oogonia with 1 million surviving

Question 38

what does the primary follicle have? (4)

Answer 38

primary oocyte zona pellucida granulosa cells theca layer

Question 39

thick hyaline membrane separating oocyte from granulosa cells in primary follicle

Answer 39

zona pellucida

Question 40

spindle cell layer of primary follicle, derived from stromal cells

Answer 40

Theca layer

Question 41

what does the secondary follicle include? (4)

Answer 41

granulosa cells liquor folliculi (antrum of fluid) Theca interna Theca externa

Question 42

granulosa cells of the secondary follicle form (2)

Answer 42

Corona radiata - single layer directly around primary oocyte Cumulus oophorus - primary oocyte surrounded by small group of granulosa cells

Question 43

spindle layer of secondary follicle that produces androgens and gives rise to interstitial cells

Answer 43

theca interna

Question 44

secrete androgens until menopause is complete

Answer 44

interstitial glands

Question 45

what is the theca externa

Answer 45

fibrous layer around secondary follicle, derived from stromal cells

Question 46

What happens in the Graafian (tertiary) follicle?

Answer 46

antrum continues to enlarge granulosa cells separate it ruptures at ovulation

Question 47

in Graafian follicle, Corona radiata - Cumulus oophorus - Membrana granulosa -

Answer 47

CR - stays with oocyte at ovulation CO - connect to membrana granulosa MG - becomes corpus luteum

Question 48

ruptured graafian follicle immediately after ovulation, that contains a blood clot

Answer 48

Corpus hemorrhagicum

Question 49

progression from corpus hemorrhagicum after clot is removed and functions as an endocrine gland

Answer 49

corpus luteum

Question 50

what hormones does the corpus luteum release?

Answer 50

progesterone and estrogen

Question 51

if no fertilization corpus luteum regresses into ____

Answer 51

corpus albicans

Question 52

corpus albicans forms a scar due to absence of

Answer 52

FSH - prevents new follicles LH - degenerates corpus luteum

Question 53

remnants of follicles that degenerate prior to maturation

Answer 53

Atretic follicle

Question 54

two parts of fallopian tube

Answer 54

infundibulum ampulla

Question 55

infundibulum is bordered by _______ that help capture ovulated secondary oocyte

Answer 55

fimbria

Question 56

layers of infundibulum (4) deep to superficial

Answer 56

Mucosa Propria submucosa Muscularis Serosa

Question 57

longest region of fallopian tube, where fertilization occurs

Answer 57

ampulla

Question 58

rounded portion of uterus

Answer 58

fundus

Question 59

layers of fundus (3) deep to superficial

Answer 59

endometrium (mucosa) myometrium (muscularis) serosa or adventitia

Question 60

layers of endometrium

Answer 60

Functional layer - sloughs during menstruation basal layer - regrows functional layer after menstruation

Question 61

where are helical arterioles found

Answer 61

functional layer of endometrium

Question 62

arteries of basal layer of endometrium

Answer 62

helical arteries straight arteries

Question 63

where uterine tubes connect on uterus

Answer 63

body

Question 64

inner surface of mucosa of cervix contains

Answer 64

simple mucus-secreting columnar epithelium + cervical glands

Question 65

cervical glands secrete fluid for what

Answer 65

facilitates entry of spermatozoa into the uterus and secretes mucus plug during pregnancy to prevent entry of sperm

Question 66

tissue of outer surface of mucosa of cervix

Answer 66

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 67

histo layers of vagina

Answer 67

mucosa muscularis adventitia

Question 68

stratified squamous epithelium of mucosa of vagina secretes large amounts of ________ which is metabolized by bacteria and gives a ______

Answer 68

glycogen low pH

Question 69

secretes vaginal fluid during sexual arousal

Answer 69

propria submucosa of mucosa layer of vagina

Question 70

three theories of endometriosis

Answer 70

regurgitation theory - menstrual flow escapes via uterine tubes to enter peritoneal cavity metaplastic theory - epi cells of peritoneum differentiate into endometrial cells vascular dissemination theory - endo cells enter vascular channels during menstruation and are distributed by the blood