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Histology & Embryology > Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

fold of peritoneum that surrounds testis

A

tunica vaginalis

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2
Q

tough layer of dense irregular fibroelastic tissue surrounding and extending into testis

A

tunica albuginea

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3
Q

inner layer of loose fibrovascular tissue extending between seminiferous tubules

A

tunica vasculosa

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4
Q

dense irregular fibrous tissue extending from tunica albuginea between lobules of seminal tubules

A

interstitial septa

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5
Q

cells in tunica vasculosa that produce testosterone

A

interstitial cells

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6
Q

tunics of testes (outer to inner)

A

tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

tunica vasculosa

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7
Q

highly convoluted tubules where spermatogenesis occurs

A

seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

what’s found in seminiferous tubules (from basal lamina)

A 
basal lamina
sertoli cells
spermatogonia
spermatocytes
spermatids
spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)
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9
Q

cells that maintain environment for spermatogenic cells, form blood-teste barrier, and produce antimullerian hormone

A

Sertoli cells

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10
Q

cells after first mitotic division of sperm development (no meiosis yet); located along basal lamina

A

Spermatogonia

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11
Q

Cells after 1st and 2nd meiotic divisions of sperm development; occupy the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatocytes

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12
Q

Cells in sperm development with haploid number of chromosomes

A

Spermatids

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13
Q

mature sperm cell that develops tail and are present in lumen of seminiferous tubule

A

spermatozoa

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14
Q

why is the blood-testes barrier important?

A

so developing sperm aren’t destroyed by the immune system

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15
Q

path of sperm

A

seminiferous tubules -> tubuli recti -> rete testes -> ductuli efferentes (efferent ducts) -> epididymis -> ductus deferens -> ejaculatory duct

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16
Q

connects seminiferous tubules to rete testis to deliver spermatozoa

A

tubuli recti

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17
Q

rete testes is lined by ______ epithelium and connects to _____

A

simple cuboidal

ductuli efferentes

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18
Q

ductuli efferentes is lined by _________ and _______ epithelium and connects to ______

A

simple cuboidal and ciliated columnar

epididymis

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19
Q

what’s unique about epididymis tissue

A

it’s pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

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20
Q

tissue of ductus deferens and 3 layers of muscularis

A

pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

inner and outer longitudinal + middle circular

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21
Q

opens into prostatic urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

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22
Q

paired glands that produce 70% of semen volume

A

seminal vesicles

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23
Q

largest accessory gland
surrounds prostatic urethra
secretes white fluid rich in nutrients
capsule of dense irregular fibrous tissue and smooth muscle

A

prostate gland

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24
Q

paired glands at root of penis; secrete thick, sugar fluid

A

bulbourethral glands

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25
Q

combined products of male reproductive glands promote

A

viability and mobility of sperm

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26
Q

what makes up the erectile tissue of the penis

A

arteriovenous anastomoses

corpus spongiosum (ventral)

corpus cavernosum (dorsal)

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27
Q

when arteriovenous anastomoses are open –>

when arteriovenous anastomoses are closed –>

A

erectile tissue is bypass; nonperfused

erectile tissue perfused; erect (anatomical position)

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28
Q

cortex of ovary is composed of (3)

A

surface epithelium

tunica albuginea

stroma

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29
Q

surface epithelium of ovaries is derived from

A

mesothelium

30
Q

dense irregular fibrous tissue that helps to subdivide ovaries

A

tunica albuginea

31
Q

what is the stroma of the cortex of the ovary?

A

stromal cells making CT framework of cortex

has ovarian follicles and oocytes embedded at different stages of development

also has interstitial glands (produce androgens)

32
Q

what’s in the medulla of the ovary

A

highly vascularized loose fibrous tissue

33
Q

ovarian follicles are surrounded by _____ and consist of ______ + ________

A

stromal tissue

primary oocyte + associated follicular cells

34
Q

what is the primordial follicle

A

primary oocyte arrested in meiosis I prophase and surrounded by follicular cells

35
Q

basic reproductive units of the ovary

A

primordial follicles

36
Q

what are the primordial germ cells (in ovary)

A

oogonia

37
Q

where to oogonia develop, where do they move to, and how many survive?

A

develop in yolk sac

move to germinal ridges of developing ovaries

5-7 million oogonia with 1 million surviving

38
Q

what does the primary follicle have? (4)

A

primary oocyte

zona pellucida

granulosa cells

theca layer

39
Q

thick hyaline membrane separating oocyte from granulosa cells in primary follicle

A

zona pellucida

40
Q

spindle cell layer of primary follicle, derived from stromal cells

A

Theca layer

41
Q

what does the secondary follicle include? (4)

A

granulosa cells

liquor folliculi (antrum of fluid)

Theca interna

Theca externa

42
Q

granulosa cells of the secondary follicle form (2)

A

Corona radiata - single layer directly around primary oocyte

Cumulus oophorus - primary oocyte surrounded by small group of granulosa cells

43
Q

spindle layer of secondary follicle that produces androgens and gives rise to interstitial cells

A

theca interna

44
Q

secrete androgens until menopause is complete

A

interstitial glands

45
Q

what is the theca externa

A

fibrous layer around secondary follicle, derived from stromal cells

46
Q

What happens in the Graafian (tertiary) follicle?

A

antrum continues to enlarge

granulosa cells separate

it ruptures at ovulation

47
Q

in Graafian follicle,

Corona radiata -

Cumulus oophorus -

Membrana granulosa -

A

CR - stays with oocyte at ovulation

CO - connect to membrana granulosa

MG - becomes corpus luteum

48
Q

ruptured graafian follicle immediately after ovulation, that contains a blood clot

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

49
Q

progression from corpus hemorrhagicum after clot is removed and functions as an endocrine gland

A

corpus luteum

50
Q

what hormones does the corpus luteum release?

A

progesterone and estrogen

51
Q

if no fertilization corpus luteum regresses into ____

A

corpus albicans

52
Q

corpus albicans forms a scar due to absence of

A

FSH - prevents new follicles

LH - degenerates corpus luteum

53
Q

remnants of follicles that degenerate prior to maturation

A

Atretic follicle

54
Q

two parts of fallopian tube

A

infundibulum

ampulla

55
Q

infundibulum is bordered by _______ that help capture ovulated secondary oocyte

A

fimbria

56
Q

layers of infundibulum (4) deep to superficial

A

Mucosa

Propria submucosa

Muscularis

Serosa

57
Q

longest region of fallopian tube, where fertilization occurs

A

ampulla

58
Q

rounded portion of uterus

A

fundus

59
Q

layers of fundus (3) deep to superficial

A

endometrium (mucosa)

myometrium (muscularis)

serosa or adventitia

60
Q

layers of endometrium

A

Functional layer - sloughs during menstruation

basal layer - regrows functional layer after menstruation

61
Q

where are helical arterioles found

A

functional layer of endometrium

62
Q

arteries of basal layer of endometrium

A

helical arteries

straight arteries

63
Q

where uterine tubes connect on uterus

A

body

64
Q

inner surface of mucosa of cervix contains

A

simple mucus-secreting columnar epithelium + cervical glands

65
Q

cervical glands secrete fluid for what

A

facilitates entry of spermatozoa into the uterus and secretes mucus plug during pregnancy to prevent entry of sperm

66
Q

tissue of outer surface of mucosa of cervix

A

stratified squamous epithelium

67
Q

histo layers of vagina

A

mucosa

muscularis

adventitia

68
Q

stratified squamous epithelium of mucosa of vagina secretes large amounts of ________ which is metabolized by bacteria and gives a ______

A

glycogen

low pH

69
Q

secretes vaginal fluid during sexual arousal

A

propria submucosa of mucosa layer of vagina

70
Q

three theories of endometriosis

A

regurgitation theory - menstrual flow escapes via uterine tubes to enter peritoneal cavity

metaplastic theory - epi cells of peritoneum differentiate into endometrial cells

vascular dissemination theory - endo cells enter vascular channels during menstruation and are distributed by the blood

Histology & Embryology (24 decks)

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