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Histology & Embryology > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis is derived from

A

surface ectoderm

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2
Q

dermis is derived from

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

periderm becomes

A

vernix caseosa

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4
Q

replaces periderm and forms layers of skin

A

basal layer

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5
Q

fingerprints are formed at week ___ from this layer of skin

A

10

stratum germinativum

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6
Q

where can you find thick skin

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

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7
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum

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8
Q

layer that is only present in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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9
Q

layer that contains keratin granules

A

stratum granulosum

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10
Q

four kinds of cells found in skin

A

keratinocytes

Langerhans cells

Merkle cells

Melanocytes

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11
Q

derived from monocytes, present in stratum spinosum and contribute to immune function

A

Langerhans cells

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12
Q

derived from NCC, mechanoreceptor cells in skin

A

Merkle cells

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13
Q

derived from NCC, produce melanin before birth, protecting against UV radiation

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

what causes albinism

what causes vitiligo

A

melanocytes don’t produce melanin (but are alive)

progressive loss of melanin as melanocytes die

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15
Q

what are the 2 regions of the dermis

A

papillary region (superficial)

reticular region (deep)

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16
Q

where would you find Meissner corpuscles, and what are they?

A

mechanoreceptors found in papillary region of dermis

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17
Q

where would you find Pacinian corpuscles, and what are they?

A

pressure and vibration receptors found in the reticular region of the dermis

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18
Q

which region of dermis has blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics?

A

papillary

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19
Q

which region of dermis has accessory structures and arrector pili muscles?

A

reticular

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20
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

layer of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue between dermis and fascia

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21
Q

There are ___ layers of epidermis and ____ regions of dermis

22
Q

excessive keratinization – dryness and fish-skin like scales

A

ichthyosis

23
Q

benign tumors or endothelial cells that contain blood, giving a port wine stain

A

hemangiomas

24
Q

glands that grow down and coil to form secretory part

A

sweat glands

25
Q

glands that grow into dermis off of the hair follicles and along the epidermis

A

sebaceous glands

26
Q

direction of hair follicle formation

A

from epidermis down to dermis

27
Q

hair follicle contains (2)

A

hair bud - forms hair bulb

hair matrix - in hair bulb and forms hair shaft

28
Q

first hair to develop

29
Q

where is hair first visible (3), and when?

A

eyebrow, upper lip, chin

week 12

30
Q

two types of hair and what they’re used for

A

vellus hair - tactile sensations (human hair)

terminal hair - thermal insulation (other primates)

31
Q

basal lamina that separates dermis from follicular epithelium in hair follicle

A

glassy membrane

32
Q

two parts of the hair bulb

A

dermal papilla

hair root

33
Q

outer layers of follicular epithelium (hair follicle): ______

inner layers: ______

A

external root sheath

internal root sheath

34
Q

three layers of hair shaft (xs)

A

medulla - core

cortex - layer outside medulla

cuticle - outside dense glossy layer

35
Q

when do nails develop

36
Q

Nail development:

_______ migrate onto dorsal surface and get covered by _______ (epidermis)

_______ keratinized to form _______, which grows _______ (direction)

A

nail fields

nail folds

nail fields

nail plate

proximally

37
Q

another name for cuticle

A

eponychium

38
Q

region of nail root beneath proximal nail fold

A

nail matrix

39
Q

mammary glands are modified _________

A

sweat glands

40
Q

thickened strips of ectoderm that extend from axillary to inguinal region and are the basis for supernumerary nipples

A

mammary crest

41
Q

mammary gland becomes depressed to form _________, which forms nipples after birth

A

mammary pit

42
Q

lactiferous ducts develop from ______ that are a down growth of epidermis at the crest

A

mammary buds

43
Q

how many lactiferous ducts are there by birth?

44
Q

excessive male mammary tissue:______

extra breasts: _______

extra nipples: ________

A

gynecomastia

polymastia

polythelia

45
Q

U-shaped bands deep in tissue that develops 10 centers of proliferation for tooth buds

A

dental lamina

46
Q

describe odontogenesis

A

NCC induce changes in ectoderm. In week 6 epithelium thickens to form dental lamina

47
Q

fills dental papilla and forms internal part of tooth

48
Q

produces enamel

A

ectoderm of developing tooth

49
Q

hardest substance in the body

50
Q

surrounding mesenchyme of tooth forms _______, which forms________ (CT covering root) and __________ (vascular CT around root that helps anchor tooth in alveolus)

A

dental sac

cement

periodontal ligament

51
Q

_________ differentiates into ondontoblasts

A

dental papilla

52
Q

odontoblasts produce ________ to deposit epithelium below enamel, which calcifies and becomes _______

A

predentine

dentin

Histology & Embryology (24 decks)

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