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Histology & Embryology > Ear and Eye Histology > Flashcards

Ear and Eye Histology Flashcards

1
Q

external ear consists of

A

auricle (pinna)

external auditory meatus

tympanic membrane

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2
Q

middle ear consists of

A

tympanic cavity (connects to pharynx by auditory tube)

bordered by tympanic membrane and oval window

ossicle: malleus, incus, stapes

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3
Q

inner ear consists of

A

oval window and round window

bony labyrinth

membranous labyrinth

connects to CN VIII
- vestibulo- (balance)/ cochlear (hearing)

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4
Q

separates external ear from middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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5
Q

layers of tympanic membrane

A

epidermis (outer; ectoderm)

fibrous tissue (middle layer; mesoderm)

simple squamous/cuboidal epithelium (inner layer; endoderm)

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6
Q

what is cerumen an where is it produced

A

ear wax

skin with ceruminous glands in EAM

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7
Q

cavity in petrous portion of temporal bone; connects to pharynx by auditory tube

A

middle ear

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8
Q

2 tiny muscles in middle ear

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

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9
Q

what do ossicles do?

A

transmit sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window of inner ear

magnifies vibrations

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10
Q

tensor tympani attaches to _____

stapedius attaches to _____

A

malleus

stapes

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11
Q

bony case in petrous portion of temporal bone filled with perilymph fluid

A

bony labyrinth

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12
Q

fluid that fills bony labyrinth - between bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

A

perilymph fluid

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13
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

Semicircular canals

vestibule

cochlea

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14
Q

3 loops at right angles to each other
contain semicircular ducts
sense rotational acceleration

A

semicircular canals

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15
Q

dilated area in inner ear joined by ampullae
contains oval and round windows
contains utricle and saccule that sense linear acceleration

A

vestibule

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16
Q

sense linear acceleration (2)

A

utricle and saccule

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17
Q

“snail-like” spiral of bony labyrinth

contains cochlear duct

A

cochlea

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18
Q

membranous and sensory labyrinth are suspended in bony labyrinth and fill with _____

A

endolymph fluid

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19
Q

membranous and sensory labyrinth connects (3)

A

semicircular ducts
utricle and saccule
cochlear duct

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20
Q

membranous/sensory labyrinth connects to which nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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21
Q

utricle is a attached to _______ ducts

saccule is attached to _______ duct

A

semicircular

cochlear

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22
Q

utricle and saccule hooked together by ______ duct

A

endolymphatic

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23
Q

contains neuroepithelium with type I and type II hair cells
covered with otolithic membrane that contains otoliths

connects to vestibular portion of CN VIII

A

Maculae of utricle

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24
Q

contains cristae ampullares (neuroepithelial cells)

   - type I and II hair cells
   - covered with cupula (a gelatinous cap)
A

Ampullae of semicircular ducts

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25
Q

hair cells with a rounded base, narrowing towards apical end

A

type I

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26
Q

hair cells that are more columnar, have a larger Golgi, and more cytoplasmic vesicles

A

type II

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27
Q

contains the organ of corti

A

cochlear duct

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28
Q

2 perilymph-filled tubes that connect at apex of cochlea:
_________ connected to oval window

_________ connected to round window

A

Scala vestibuli

Scala tympani

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29
Q

apex of cochlea; allows the scalae to communicate

A

Helicotrema

30
Q

three membranes lining the organ of corti

A

Vestibular (Reissner’s) - roof

Basilar - floor

Tectorial - covers organ

31
Q

specialized receptor for hearing that is composed of neuroepithelium with inner and outer stereocilia that synapse with axons of cochlear portion of CN VIII

A

organ of corti

32
Q

Describe hearing

A

sound waves through external auditory meatus to tympanic membrane

tympanic membrane converts sound waves to mechanical energy

ossicles vibrate and amplify sound

stapes moves the oval window and initiates pressure waves in perilymph

pressure change travels to scala vestibuli –> helicotrema –> scala tympani

pressure change in scala tympani causes basilar membrane to vibrate organ of Corti, deflecting stereocilia, and generating impulses transmitted by CN VIII

pressure waves dissipate via round window

33
Q

describe how we sense linear movements

A

displacement of endolymph moves otoliths, bending stereocilia of hair cells and generating impulses conducted by CN VIII

34
Q

describe how we sense circular movements

A

displacement of endolymph moves cupula, bending stereocilia and generating impulses conducted by CN VIII

35
Q

hearing loss from excess fluid accumulation in the endolymphatic duct
- other s/s: vertigo, tinnitus, n/v

A

Meniere’s disease

36
Q

happens when something impedes conduction through middle ear

A

conductive deafness

37
Q

results from disease process that interrupts transmission of nerve impulse

A

nerve deafness

38
Q

three tunics/layers of the eye (outer to inner)

A

sclera and cornea - outer fibrous tunic

choroid, ciliary body, and iris - middle vascular tunic

retina, neuroepithelium on ciliary body - inner neural tunic

39
Q

three chambers of the eye

A

anterior chamber - aqueous humor

posterior chamber - aqueous humor

vitreous chamber - vitreous body

40
Q

white of the eye that gives shape

continuous with the cornea

tendons of extraocular muscles insert here

A

sclera

41
Q

sclera is enveloped by ________ - a fascial sheath that covers optic nerve and most of eye

A

capsule of tenon

42
Q

6 layers of the cornea (outer to inner)

A

non-keratinized ss epithelium (only 5-7 cells thick!)

Bowman’s membrane

corneal stroma

pre-descemet layer (Dua layer)

Descemet’s membrane

Corneal endothelium

43
Q

90% of corneal thickness
composed of 200-250 type I collagen lamellae
relatively dehydrated, giving transparency

A

corneal stroma

44
Q

basement membrane of cornea made by endothelium and fibroblasts

A

Descemet’s membrane

45
Q

what does the pre-descemet layer probably do?

A

protect cornea from damage

46
Q

3 pain components of vascular tunic

A

iris
ciliary body
choroid

47
Q

two smooth muscles found in core of iris

A

dilator pupillae

sphincter pupillae

48
Q

anterior surface is covered with

A

melanocytes

49
Q

posterior surface of iris is covered with

A

pigmented epithelium

50
Q

layer of loose fibrous tissue, melanocytes (which give it a black color), and vessels between retina and sclera

A

choroid

51
Q

expansion of choroid that gives rise to the iris

contains vessels and smooth muscle (ciliary muscle) for accommodation of lens, and ciliary processes

A

ciliary body

52
Q

produce aqueous humor and give rise to zonules (suspensory ligaments)

A

ciliary processes

53
Q

converts photons of light to sensory nerve impulses

A

retina

54
Q

yellow-pigmented zone of the retina

A

macula lutea

55
Q

center of macula and point of highest visual acuity

A

fovea centralis

56
Q

“blind spot” where retina attaches to optic nerve and no photoreceptor cells are

A

optic disk

57
Q

10 layers of retina (deep to superficial)

“In New Generation It Is Only Ophthalmologists Examining Patient’s Retina”

A 
inner limiting membrane
nerve fiber layer
ganglion neuron layer
inner plexiform layer
inner nuclear layer
outer plexiform layer
outer nuclear layer
external limiting membrane
photoreceptor layer
retinal pigment epithelium
58
Q

nerve fiber layer of retina contains

A

axons from ganglion neurons that connect to optic nerve

59
Q

outer nuclear layer of retina contains

A

nuclei of photoreceptor cells

60
Q

contain rhodopsin - for dim light vision

A

rods

61
Q

contain iodopsin - for color, bright light vision; have better acuity

A

cones

62
Q

inner limiting membrane of retina is touching the ____

retinal pigment epithelium is touching _____

A

vitreous body

choroid

63
Q

site of retinal detachments

A

retinal pigment epithelium

64
Q

transparent, light-focusing element of the eye

A

lens

65
Q

describe lens fibers

A

anucleate cells fill with crystallins that continue to elongate throughout life

66
Q

describe the vitreous body

A

acellular mass of gel that fills vitreous chamber

67
Q

vitreous body is composed of (3)

A

water, collagen, and hyaluronic acid

68
Q

what is nuclear sclerosis

A

the cloudiness, hardening, and yellowing of the central region of the lens

69
Q

type of tissue that covers lens

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

70
Q

3 glands of eyelids

A

Tarsal (Meibomian) glands
- sebaceous on free margin of eyelid
Glands of Moll
- modifies sweat glands open into eyelash follicle
Glands of Zeis
- modified sebaceous that open into eyelash follicle

71
Q

CN II

A

optic nerve

72
Q

optic nerve is derived from and contains

A

optic vesicle

ganglion cell axons

Histology & Embryology (24 decks)

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