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Histology & Embryology > Ear and Eye Histology > Flashcards

Ear and Eye Histology Flashcards

1
Q

external ear consists of

A

auricle (pinna)

external auditory meatus

tympanic membrane

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2
Q

middle ear consists of

A

tympanic cavity (connects to pharynx by auditory tube)

bordered by tympanic membrane and oval window

ossicle: malleus, incus, stapes

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3
Q

inner ear consists of

A

oval window and round window

bony labyrinth

membranous labyrinth

connects to CN VIII
- vestibulo- (balance)/ cochlear (hearing)

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4
Q

separates external ear from middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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5
Q

layers of tympanic membrane

A

epidermis (outer; ectoderm)

fibrous tissue (middle layer; mesoderm)

simple squamous/cuboidal epithelium (inner layer; endoderm)

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6
Q

what is cerumen an where is it produced

A

ear wax

skin with ceruminous glands in EAM

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7
Q

cavity in petrous portion of temporal bone; connects to pharynx by auditory tube

A

middle ear

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8
Q

2 tiny muscles in middle ear

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

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9
Q

what do ossicles do?

A

transmit sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window of inner ear

magnifies vibrations

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10
Q

tensor tympani attaches to _____

stapedius attaches to _____

A

malleus

stapes

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11
Q

bony case in petrous portion of temporal bone filled with perilymph fluid

A

bony labyrinth

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12
Q

fluid that fills bony labyrinth - between bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

A

perilymph fluid

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13
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

Semicircular canals

vestibule

cochlea

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14
Q

3 loops at right angles to each other
contain semicircular ducts
sense rotational acceleration

A

semicircular canals

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15
Q

dilated area in inner ear joined by ampullae
contains oval and round windows
contains utricle and saccule that sense linear acceleration

A

vestibule

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16
Q

sense linear acceleration (2)

A

utricle and saccule

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17
Q

“snail-like” spiral of bony labyrinth

contains cochlear duct

A

cochlea

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18
Q

membranous and sensory labyrinth are suspended in bony labyrinth and fill with _____

A

endolymph fluid

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19
Q

membranous and sensory labyrinth connects (3)

A

semicircular ducts
utricle and saccule
cochlear duct

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20
Q

membranous/sensory labyrinth connects to which nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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21
Q

utricle is a attached to _______ ducts

saccule is attached to _______ duct

A

semicircular

cochlear

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22
Q

utricle and saccule hooked together by ______ duct

A

endolymphatic

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23
Q

contains neuroepithelium with type I and type II hair cells
covered with otolithic membrane that contains otoliths

connects to vestibular portion of CN VIII

A

Maculae of utricle

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24
Q

contains cristae ampullares (neuroepithelial cells)

   - type I and II hair cells
   - covered with cupula (a gelatinous cap)
A

Ampullae of semicircular ducts

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25
hair cells with a rounded base, narrowing towards apical end
type I
26
hair cells that are more columnar, have a larger Golgi, and more cytoplasmic vesicles
type II
27
contains the organ of corti
cochlear duct
28
2 perilymph-filled tubes that connect at apex of cochlea: _________ connected to oval window _________ connected to round window
Scala vestibuli Scala tympani
29
apex of cochlea; allows the scalae to communicate
Helicotrema
30
three membranes lining the organ of corti
Vestibular (Reissner's) - roof Basilar - floor Tectorial - covers organ
31
specialized receptor for hearing that is composed of neuroepithelium with inner and outer stereocilia that synapse with axons of cochlear portion of CN VIII
organ of corti
32
Describe hearing
sound waves through external auditory meatus to tympanic membrane tympanic membrane converts sound waves to mechanical energy ossicles vibrate and amplify sound stapes moves the oval window and initiates pressure waves in perilymph pressure change travels to scala vestibuli --> helicotrema --> scala tympani pressure change in scala tympani causes basilar membrane to vibrate organ of Corti, deflecting stereocilia, and generating impulses transmitted by CN VIII pressure waves dissipate via round window
33
describe how we sense linear movements
displacement of endolymph moves otoliths, bending stereocilia of hair cells and generating impulses conducted by CN VIII
34
describe how we sense circular movements
displacement of endolymph moves cupula, bending stereocilia and generating impulses conducted by CN VIII
35
hearing loss from excess fluid accumulation in the endolymphatic duct - other s/s: vertigo, tinnitus, n/v
Meniere's disease
36
happens when something impedes conduction through middle ear
conductive deafness
37
results from disease process that interrupts transmission of nerve impulse
nerve deafness
38
three tunics/layers of the eye (outer to inner)
sclera and cornea - outer fibrous tunic choroid, ciliary body, and iris - middle vascular tunic retina, neuroepithelium on ciliary body - inner neural tunic
39
three chambers of the eye
anterior chamber - aqueous humor posterior chamber - aqueous humor vitreous chamber - vitreous body
40
white of the eye that gives shape continuous with the cornea tendons of extraocular muscles insert here
sclera
41
sclera is enveloped by ________ - a fascial sheath that covers optic nerve and most of eye
capsule of tenon
42
6 layers of the cornea (outer to inner)
non-keratinized ss epithelium (only 5-7 cells thick!) Bowman's membrane corneal stroma pre-descemet layer (Dua layer) Descemet's membrane Corneal endothelium
43
90% of corneal thickness composed of 200-250 type I collagen lamellae relatively dehydrated, giving transparency
corneal stroma
44
basement membrane of cornea made by endothelium and fibroblasts
Descemet's membrane
45
what does the pre-descemet layer probably do?
protect cornea from damage
46
3 pain components of vascular tunic
iris ciliary body choroid
47
two smooth muscles found in core of iris
dilator pupillae | sphincter pupillae
48
anterior surface is covered with
melanocytes
49
posterior surface of iris is covered with
pigmented epithelium
50
layer of loose fibrous tissue, melanocytes (which give it a black color), and vessels between retina and sclera
choroid
51
expansion of choroid that gives rise to the iris contains vessels and smooth muscle (ciliary muscle) for accommodation of lens, and ciliary processes
ciliary body
52
produce aqueous humor and give rise to zonules (suspensory ligaments)
ciliary processes
53
converts photons of light to sensory nerve impulses
retina
54
yellow-pigmented zone of the retina
macula lutea
55
center of macula and point of highest visual acuity
fovea centralis
56
"blind spot" where retina attaches to optic nerve and no photoreceptor cells are
optic disk
57
10 layers of retina (deep to superficial) "In New Generation It Is Only Ophthalmologists Examining Patient's Retina"
``` inner limiting membrane nerve fiber layer ganglion neuron layer inner plexiform layer inner nuclear layer outer plexiform layer outer nuclear layer external limiting membrane photoreceptor layer retinal pigment epithelium ```
58
nerve fiber layer of retina contains
axons from ganglion neurons that connect to optic nerve
59
outer nuclear layer of retina contains
nuclei of photoreceptor cells
60
contain rhodopsin - for dim light vision
rods
61
contain iodopsin - for color, bright light vision; have better acuity
cones
62
inner limiting membrane of retina is touching the ____ retinal pigment epithelium is touching _____
vitreous body choroid
63
site of retinal detachments
retinal pigment epithelium
64
transparent, light-focusing element of the eye
lens
65
describe lens fibers
anucleate cells fill with crystallins that continue to elongate throughout life
66
describe the vitreous body
acellular mass of gel that fills vitreous chamber
67
vitreous body is composed of (3)
water, collagen, and hyaluronic acid
68
what is nuclear sclerosis
the cloudiness, hardening, and yellowing of the central region of the lens
69
type of tissue that covers lens
simple cuboidal epithelium
70
3 glands of eyelids
Tarsal (Meibomian) glands - sebaceous on free margin of eyelid Glands of Moll - modifies sweat glands open into eyelash follicle Glands of Zeis - modified sebaceous that open into eyelash follicle
71
CN II
optic nerve
72
optic nerve is derived from and contains
optic vesicle ganglion cell axons

Histology & Embryology (24 decks)

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