Liver and Pancreas Flashcards
Pancreas development:
_____ -> _____ -> pancreas
pancreas arises from dorsal and ventral _________
endoderm -> foregut
pancreatic buds
where do pancreatic buds appear?
caudal part of foregut, appearing on either side of the duodenum
most of the pancreas comes from which bud? Which parts of pancreas?
dorsal pancreatic bud
part of head, body, and tail
ventral pancreatic bud develops near
bile duct entry into duodenum
in pancreatic development, the duodenum rotates to the right to become c-shaped.
The ventral bud rotates to lie _____ to dorsal bud and they ______
posterior
fuse
what does the pancreatic duct come from?
fused ducts of the ventral and dorsal buds
ventral pancreatic bud becomes the
head of the pancreas
_____ and ______ cells develop before _____ cells in the pancreas
glucagon and somatostatin before insulin
when does insulin secretion begin?
10 weeks
uncommon anomaly that arises when ventral pancreatic bud fuses with dorsal bud around duodenum, forming a ring
annular pancreas
what happens in exocrine pancreas?
exocrine secretion of digestive proenzymes
acinus (secretory unit) of exocrine pancreas contains two cell types:
acinar cells
centroacinar cells - secrete fluid; beginning of duct system
path of exocrine product from pancreas to duodenum
intercalated duct –> intralobar duct –> interlobular duct –> main pancreatic duct –> common bile duct –> papilla of Vater –> duodenum
how can gallstones cause pancreatitis
they can get stuck in the papilla of Vater and enzymes can’t get out of pancreas
in the 4th week, the caudal part of the foregut gives rise to the _________ (liver development)
hepatic diverticulum
hepatic diverticulum enlarges and divides into (2)
primordium of the liver
biliary apparatus
hepatic cords (primordial liver) anastamose to give _____
mesenchyme (primordial liver) gives rise to _____
sinusoids
Kupffer cells
the biliary apparatus develops from the _____ portion of the hepatic diverticulum and gives rise to _____
caudal
gallbladder
what are Kupffer cells?
liver macrophages
by week 9, the liver is ____ % of total fetal weight
bile formation begins during week ____
10%
week 12
In liver development, mesentary is ______ (think layered)
the ________ attaches lesser curvature of stomach to the liver and duodenum
the _______ attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
double-layered
lesser omentum
falciform ligament
describe afferent blood supply to liver
it’s dual
hepatic artery - oxygenated blood
portal vein - deoxygenated, but nutrient-rich, blood from GI and spleen
hepatic vein drains from liver to
IVC
bile flows to and from liver through the
cystic duct
how are hepatocytes organized in the liver?
hexagon-shaped lobules and aligned in sheets that are 1-2 cells thick
vascular space between hepatic plates
contains Kupffer cells
sinusoids
plasma-filled cavity between blood vessel endothelial cells and hepatocytes
Space of Disse
what are portal areas in the liver for, and what are they composed of?
allow blood flow through liver
composed of hepatic arteriole, portal venule, and bile duct
vein at the center of a classic hepatic lobule
drains blood from sinusoids –> hepatic vein –> IVC
centrilobular vein
hepatocytes live for ____ days, meaning the liver can _____
150 days
regenerate
obstruction of the biliary tract characterized by degeneration of hepatocytes and formation of fibrous tissue
Cirrhosis
what does the gallbladder do?
stores, concentrates, and releases bile
gallbladder is lined with (tissue)
simple columnar epithelium
two types of gallstones (cholethiasis)
cholesterol stones
pigment stones
