Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology & Embryology > Lecture 3 - Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

protein and carbohydrate material that cells produce on and in which they are supported (nonliving material)

A

Extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of ECM

A 
structural support
protection
filtration
nutrient and GF storage
regulates cell movement and cell-cell interaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ECM composed of (2)

A

ground substance - gel-like

fibers - withstand tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

three components of ground substance

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) - resist compression

proteoglycans - resist compression; facilitate normal cellular locomotion

glycoproteins - helps cells adhere to ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which are the most abundant ECM fibers?

A

collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is scurvy

A

lack of vitamin C causing collagen to not form properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is Ehlers-Danlos

A

abnormal cross-links resulting in hypermobile joints and hyperextensive skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Keloid

A

excessive accumulation of collagen during wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fibers that provide elasticity to stretch and recoil

A

elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

elastic fibers don’t develop properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

structural/framework fibers (think mesh)

A

reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a two-part acellular ECM structure that is between epithelium and adjacent connective tissue

A

basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two parts of basement membrane

A

basal lamina (outer/near epi) - molecular filter and path for cells

lamina reticularis (inner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

two types/divisions of epithelium

A

covering & lining epithelium - sheets of continuous cells

glandular epithelium - epithelial cells modified for secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does it mean to say epithelial cells have polarity?

A

they have a specific orientation relative to other cells basal lamina

   - apical surface
   - basolateral surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

apical surface of cell faces ______

basal surface of cell marks _______

A

lumen

boundary between epithelium and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

classification of covering & lining epithelium:

by number of layers (3)

A

simple - single layer

stratified - multiple layers; named after superficial layer

pseudostratified - single layer but nuclei are at different levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

classification of covering & lining epithelium:

by shape of cell (5)

A

squamous - flat, plate-like

cuboidal - cube-like; similar height and width

columnar - tall; height greater than width

transitional - pillow shaped

pseudostratified - tall but irregular shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

simple squamous typically found in (3)

A

pulmonary alveoli

loop of Henle

Blood and lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

simple cuboidal typically found in (2)

A

ducts of many glands

urinary tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

simple columnar found in

A

digestive tract

22
Q

stratified squamous found in (3)

A

mouth

oral pharynx

skin

*can be keratinized (keratin replaces nucleus) or non-keratinized

23
Q

stratified cuboidal found in

A

lining ducts of sweat glands

24
Q

stratified columnar found in (2)

A

eye

regions of male urethra

25
Q

pseudostratified columnar found in (3)

A

male urethra

epididymis

trachea

26
Q

replacement cells in epithelium turnover come from

A

reserve or germinative cell population

- use existing basal lamina for guidance

27
Q

general structure of glands (aka glandular epithelium)

A

parenchyma
secretory granules
stroma

28
Q

define parenchyma

A

secretory units + their ducts

part of gland doing the job of product secretion

29
Q

define stroma

A

connective tissue that supports parenchyma

supports the job of product secretion

30
Q

define endocrine gland

A

ductless, secretes product into blood or lymph

31
Q

define exocrine gland

A

has ducts, secretes product onto surface

32
Q

modes of exocrine secretion (3) and their definitions

A

holocrine - product accumulates in cytosol, then cell dies and is discharged

apocrine - product accumulates in apex of cell, then that part of the cell pinches off

merocrine - product is formed in the cell, then discharged by exocytosis

33
Q

how are glands classified? (3)

A

mode of secretion
nature of secretion (product)
number of cells

34
Q

three types of secretion

A

mucus - mucin making mucus

serous secretion - watery fluid + enzymes

mixed - mucous + serous demilunes

35
Q

example of unicellular glands

A

goblet cells (single cell with no duct)

36
Q

types of duct systems in multicellular glands (2)

A

simple - straight and unbranched

compound - branched

37
Q

multicellular glands consist of (2)

A

duct system and secretory unit

38
Q

types of secretory unit in multicellular glands (3)

A

tubular
acinar (like grapes)
tubloacinar

39
Q

three basic types of tissue (think from fetal development)

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

40
Q

ectoderm forms

A

nerve and some epithelia

41
Q

mesoderm forms

A

all the connective tissue, muscle, and some epithelia

42
Q

endoderm forms

A

some epithelia

43
Q

four functions of connective tissue

A

structural support

exchange of nutrients and wastes

protection and host defense

storage of fats and minerals

44
Q

cells in connective tissue (4)

A

fibroblasts
mast cells
macrophages
adipocytes

45
Q

four types of connective tissue proper

A

dense connective tissue
loose (areolar) connective tissue
reticular tissue
adipose tissue

46
Q

three types of specialized connective tissue

A

bone
blood
cartilage

47
Q

which cell is most abundant in CT?

A

fibroblast

48
Q

two types of adipocyte

A

unilocular (white)

multilocular (brown)

49
Q

round, heavily granulated cell found within CT in many areas

primary cell initiating inflammation

A

mast cell

50
Q

chemical mediators found in granules of mast cells

A

primary mediators (preformed; stored)
- histamine, heparin
secondary mediators (synthesized
- leukotrienes, thromboxane, prostaglandins, platelet activating factor

51
Q

where does mesenchymal tissue exist in the adult

A

pulp of teeth

52
Q

roles of brown fat (name 2)

A

non-shivering thermogenesis

plays a role in insulin independent blood glucose regulation

Histology & Embryology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions