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Reproductive > Reproductive Buzzwords/ must knows > Flashcards

Reproductive Buzzwords/ must knows Flashcards

1
Q

Fried Egg Appearance

A

Seminoma (germ cell tumor of the testis)

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2
Q

Pale yellow nodules in the prostate

A

cancer

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3
Q

Histology of seminiferous tubules in Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Small, hyalinized seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

Focal atrophy of testicular tubules

A

Mumps

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5
Q

Blue Dome appearance on gross exam, lumpy breasts

A

Fibrocystic change

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6
Q

Most common change in premenopausal breast

A

Fibrocystic change

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7
Q

Sports and breasts

A

Fat necrosis (due to trauma)

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8
Q

How do you differentiate a intraductal papilloma from a papillary carcinoma

A

Intraductal papillomas have the standard two layers of cells (luminal and myoepithelial) also generally present in pre-menopausal women.
Papillary Carcinoma is characterized by fibrovascular projections lined by epithelial cells with no underlying myoepithelial cells. more common in post-menopausal women

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9
Q

Most common tumor in premenopausal females

A

fibroadenoma

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10
Q

BP medication absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

ACEi- 50% rate of congenital malformation if organogenesis exposure

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11
Q

When is organogenesis done?

A

12 weeks

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12
Q

Oxidase positive gram negative diplococcus

A

Neiserria gonorrhoeae

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13
Q

Condyloma cause

A

HPV 6 or 11, always

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14
Q

Low risk HPV

A

6, 11

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15
Q

Erection center is located where

A

sacral region

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16
Q

Erection is mainly a parasympathetic reflex

A

ok

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17
Q

Ejaculation is coordinated where

A

Lumbar Spinal cord

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18
Q

clitoris actually retracts under the clitoral hood during plateau phase

A

Women who were masturbating were not seen to directly stimulate the clitoris but instead moved the labia and mons over the clitoral hood.

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19
Q

IPV linked to

A

obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, sexual behavior, mental health issue, injury and violence

92% used alcohol or drugs and 2/3 of those used both

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20
Q

DO NOT BLAME THE VICTIM

A

EVER

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21
Q

Malakoplakia

A

Soft yellow plaque composed of large foamy macrophages, the occasional giant cell.
Macrophages contain PAS+ granules
Michaelis- Gutman bodies between macrophages

What is it? A defective host response to a bacterial infection…usually gram negative

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22
Q

Michaelis Gutman Bodies

A

Malakoplakia….look for target like objects

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23
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is related to infestation by what?

A

Schistosoma hematobium

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24
Q

Primary determinant of prognosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is

A

STAGE

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25
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease caused by

A

Gonococcus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Enteric bacteria, Strep, Staph

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26
Q

Look at summary slides…

A

KNOW CYTOTROPHOBLAST FUNCTION

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27
Q

ONE DISK PLACENTA

A

HUMAN

28
Q

Placenta Accreta

A

Placenta attached to the myometrium

29
Q

Placenta Increta

A

Placenta invades the myometrium

30
Q

Placenta Perceta

A

Placenta invades to or through the uterine serosa

31
Q

Placenta previa

A

implantation of placenta in the lower uterine segment

32
Q

Abruption placentae

A

separation of the normally mplanted placenta before birth

33
Q

Risk factors for abruption placentae

A

trauma, sudden uterine decompression, maternal hypertension, maternal cocaine use,maternal smoking

Presentation: vaginal bleeding, tender, hypercontractile

34
Q

PTEN

A

Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma…Inactivation of PTEN leads to increased gland sensitivity to estrogen

35
Q

What percentage of simple endometrial hyperplasia progresses to cancer

A

1%

36
Q

What percentage of complex endometrial hyperplasia progresses to cancer

A

3%

37
Q

What percentage of atypical complex hyperplasia progresses to cancer?

A

25%

38
Q

HYPERPLASIA= NO SECRETION

A

ok

39
Q

Structure of HPV

A

circular double stranded DNA in an icosahedral capsid

40
Q

When I say permissive and non-permissive cells what do you think of?

A

HPV…Permissive cells allow nuclear replication and viral assembly. Release via cell lysis

Non-permissive cells are neoplastic. DNA is stored extrachromosomally in benign cells and is incorporated into host DNA in malignant cells

41
Q

Infantile laryngeal papilloma is caused by HPV….

A

6,11

42
Q

DX of syphillis

A

serology and microscopic examination of scrapings

43
Q

Describe the serology of syphillis?

A

RPR and VDRL: these are cheap and the antibodies drop after the cure

Flourescent Treponomal Antigen-Absorbed: Positive test is definitive with this one but the test is cumbersome, expensive, and the titers remain high for years so it doesnt tell you much about antibiotic effectiveness.

44
Q

Symptoms of Primary syphillis

A

Non-painful chancre, non pianful lymphadenopathy

45
Q

Secondary syphillis

A

THis is a disseminated infection so the pt will appear sick….have a fever, swollen nodes, mucous membrane snail track lesions.

  • skin rash on hands and feet
  • mild meningitis
  • perianal warts
46
Q

obligate intracellular

A

chlamydia

47
Q

Gram negative diplococcus with kidney bean shape

A

Gonorrhea

48
Q

Mycoplasma, causes urethritis and cervicitis

A

Ureaplasma

49
Q

two life cycles

A

Chlamydia, EB infects, RB is the obligate intracellular part. RB grows in mucosal epithelium cytoplasmic inclusion body

50
Q

Antigenic variation = pilus variation

A

Gonorrhaea

51
Q

If someone is gonorrhaea positive, there is a 50% chance they are also infected with….

A

Chlamydia

52
Q

LGV>

A

Chlamydia infection….swollen nodes with ulcer at entry site

53
Q

Trachoma

A

Chlamydia that causes blindness

54
Q

Penile discharge

A

GC- Purulent (GP…gary parrish has gonorrhaea and purulent penis discharge)
CT- Milky

55
Q

Endometrial carcinoma arises from endometrial hyperplasia. Remember that endometrial hyperplasia is generally a result of too much estrogen over time. Risk factors include nulliparity, anovulatory cycles (estrogen keeps being secreted), and exogenous estrogen, obesity.

A

ok

56
Q

In a complete hydatidiform mole, only paternal chromosomes are present

A

ok…so it’s one sperm or two sperm penetrating an empty ovum

57
Q

In a partial mole, two sperm penetrate a regular egg

A

ok

58
Q

Leiomyoma on histo

A

spindle shaped cells in whirled bundles

59
Q

Treatment for trichomonas

A

Metronidazole: It is amoebacidal, bactericidal, and trichomonacidal. The unionized form is taken up by anaerobes where it is reduced to its active form which disrupts DNA helical structure, thereby inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis.
Discolors stool and urine. Inh Cyp2c9

60
Q

Most common type of invasive breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma…more than 80% of BC.

61
Q

staph mastitis typically produces a localized abcesss.

A

Strep mastitis on the other hand usually spreads throughout the breast

62
Q

Most common breast cancer to be bilateral

A

Lobular carcinoma

63
Q

Must know this for Dr. Phillips…

A

Women who still have a uterus need to take progestogen (progesterone) along with estrogen to prevent cancer of the uterus/

Women who have had a hysterectomy can take estrogen alone

64
Q

Leaf-like projections

A

Phyllodes tumor

65
Q

Malakoplakia

A

defective host handling of an infection. Michaellis gutman bodes. PAS+ granules
Soft yellow plaques with closely packed large foamy macrophages

Reproductive (36 decks)

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