Male Pathophysiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common congenital abnormalities of the penis?

A

Epispadias and hypospadias

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2
Q

What are epispadias and hypospadias

A

Abnormal openings of the urethra on the dorsal or ventral penis from malformation of the urethral canal.

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3
Q

Which is more common, Epispadias or hypospadias?

A

Hypospadias.

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4
Q

This notecard set is not going to be very thorough until the weekend of the 28th

A

ok

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5
Q

Inflammation of the penis

A

phimosis

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6
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

undescended testis

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7
Q

Penile duplication

A

Two urethral orifices

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8
Q

What is hypospadias

A

urethral opening on the bottom (ventral side of penis)

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9
Q

Phimosis

A

inability to easily retract the foreskin

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10
Q

Inflammation of the penis is generally due to phimosis or venereal disease

A

ok

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11
Q

Blanaitis=

A

glans inflammation

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12
Q

Posthitis

A

foreskin inflammation

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13
Q

phimosis

A

inability to retract the foreskin

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14
Q

What is a condyloma

A

warty, cauliflower like growths which occur primarily in the anogenital region, though you can get them wherever you have sex.

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15
Q

What HPV causes condyloma?

A

HPV 6 and 11

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16
Q

Squamous carcinoma in situ on the skin of the penis is called?

A

Bowen disease

17
Q

Squamous carcinoma on the glans of the penis

A

erythroplasia of queryat.

18
Q

80% of penile dysplasias are related to what?

A

HPV…usually type 16. If left untreated, will progress to squamous cell carcinoma

19
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is related to HPV 50% of the time (types 16 and 18). Other risk factors include smoking and poor hygiene

A

ok

20
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes

21
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

Too many x chromosomes….usually xxy

22
Q

Eunuchoid appearance

A

Increased stature, small to normal sized well developed testis

  • incomplete virilization
  • gynecomastia
  • mental retardation
23
Q

Histology of Klinefelter seminiferous tubules

A

small hyalnized

24
Q

What is distinct about the Leydig cell layout in Klinefelter?

A

Psuedoadenomatous clusters of Leydig cells. Just appear this way because of decreased testicular volume. There is really no increase in number

25
Q

Klinefelters patients are at risk for increased incidence of extragonadal germ cell tumors and hypopituitarism

A

ok

26
Q

Focal atrophy of the testicular tubules

A

Mumps Orchitis

27
Q

What is testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord leading to ischemia and venous stasis,
May be related to trauma but often the inciting event is obscure.
Surgery within 4-6 hours may save the testis; after that, infarction will obliterate it.

28
Q

Hypospadias is caused by?

A

Failure of the urethral folds to close

29
Q

Epispadias caused by

A

Abnormal positioning of the genital tubercle

30
Q

Bowen Disease

A

In Situ Carcinoma of the penile shaft or scrotal skin, presents as leukoplakia. This is a precursor for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis