Female Anatomical Abnormalities

Question 1

Pelvic organs are vascularized by what?

Answer 1

Internal Illiac Artery (anterior branch)

Question 2

Male sex organs come from which duct?

Answer 2

Wolfian duct….also known as the Mesonephric duct

Question 3

Female sex organs come from which duct

Answer 3

Mullerian….also known as the Paramesonephric duct

Question 4

Canalization of the female sex organs (vagina, uterus) goes caudal to cranial

Answer 4

ok

Question 5

Canalization is complete at what point in fetal development?

Answer 5

20 weeks

Question 6

What makes the Wolfian duct develop instead of the Mullerian?

Answer 6

Androgens….testosterone and DHT (two main hormones). Females experience much less androgen formation

Question 7

Know this. Females don’t have hormones that make the wolfian ducts disappear, its just the absence of Androgens. Males do have anti-mullerian hormone produced by the sertoli cells. Called AMH.

Answer 7

ok. So if a gonad doesn’t produce androgen, external genitalia appear female by default.

Question 8

Are Mullerian anomalies genetic?

Answer 8

No. You will not see any mutations on Karyotype. However, it does tend to run in families.

Question 9

Know the Mullerian abnormalities slide

Answer 9

ok

Question 10

Vaginal agenesis

Answer 10

no vagina

Question 11

cervical agenesis

Answer 11

no cervix

Question 12

Fundal agenesis

Answer 12

no uterus pretty much

Question 13

Tubal agenesis

Answer 13

No tubes

Question 14

Unicornuate uterus =

Answer 14

uterus formed by only one of the mullerian ducts

Question 15

Didelphus

Answer 15

Pretty much the two mullerian ducts don’t fuse. You end up with two separate cervices, two separate vaginas in many cases.

Question 16

Bicornuate uterus

Answer 16

the outer contour of the uterus is the same shape as the inner contour. Basically the two ducts don’t fuse properly and instead of having one large uterine cavity you have two smaller cavities

Question 17

Septate uterus

Answer 17

Looks similar to bicornuate except that the outer contour of the uterus is completel normal. Inner contour has a septum

Question 18

Know the difference between a septate and arcuate uterus

Answer 18

ok

Question 19

DES drug related uterine anomaly.

Answer 19

know

Question 20

What do you call the division point between the upper 2/3 of vagina ( Mullerian duct) and lower 1/3 of vagina (UG sinus)

Answer 20

Hyman ring

Question 21

What gene on the Y chromosome produces testis determining factor?

Answer 21

SRY gene

Question 22

SRY gene produces what

Answer 22

testis determining factor

Question 23

What produces mullerian inhibiting factor

Answer 23

sertoli cells

Question 24

What secretes androgens to encourage the development of the mesonephric (wolfian) ducts

Answer 24

Leydig cells

Question 25

Mullerian duct abnormalities tend to result in what?

Answer 25

anatomical defects that present as amenorrhea despite the fully developed secondary sex organs

Question 26

Mesonephric duct (wolfian) forms what structures in particular?

Answer 26

SEED, Seminal vesicles, Epididymis, Ejaculatory Duct, Ductus Deferens

Question 27

MRKH Syndrome

Answer 27

Complete ageneisis of sexual organs that derive from mullerian ducts. The woman will have ovaries, but she will not have tubes, uterius, cervix, or upper 2/3 of vagina. Rectum is totally attached to posteror bladder

Question 28

Androgen insensitivity?

Answer 28

AI— male karyotype but they had no sensitivity to androgen so they default produced female genitalia. They do have testis however which means they have sertoli cells and leydig cells. Sertoli cells make MIF so the mullerian ducts don’t develop. They only have external female genitalia. Really complicated huh

Question 29

Major consequence of Bicornuate uterus

Answer 29

preterm delivery

Question 30

Major consequence of Septate uterus

Answer 30

infertility, pregnancy loss

Question 31

Uterine myoma

Answer 31

fibrous balls that can mimic septum