Non0-neoplastic dz of female reproductive tract

Question 1

Trichomonas structure

Answer 1

large flagellated protozoa

REMEMBER, IT IS AN STD

Question 2

What are the symptoms of trichomonas infection

Answer 2

Yellow vaginal discharge, dyspaerunia (painful intercourse), dysuria (painful urination)

Question 3

What will teh cervix look like during a trichomonas infection?

Answer 3

Inflamed like a strawberry

Question 4

Predisposing factors to Candida infection?

Answer 4

Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy, Oral contraceptives

Question 5

Presentation of candida infection?

Answer 5

Cottage cheese appearance of discharge, discomfort, itching

Question 6

If an HSV II infection reactivates in pregnancy, the newborn may acquire fatal infection during passage through the birth canal

Answer 6

Active herpetic lesions at the time of delivery necessitate a C-section.

Question 7

Characteristic appearance of HSC infected cells in pap smear?

Answer 7

cytomegaly, multi-nucleation, intra-nuclear inclusions

Question 8

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease causes

Answer 8

• Gonococcus, Chlamydia, mycoplasma, enteric bacteria, strep and staph.

GMC, E, Staph Strep

Question 9

Presentation of PID

Answer 9

lower abdominal pain, adnexal tenderness, prominent discomfort when the cervix is manipulated (chandelier sign)

Question 10

Complications of PID?

Answer 10

ruptures of tubo-ovarian abscess, peritonitis, sepsis, infertility, bowel obstruction

Question 11

Most common and most severe infection in women?

Answer 11

Gonorrhea

Question 12

Structure of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

Answer 12

gram negative diplococcus

Question 13

How does gonorrheal PID come about?

Answer 13

Spreads upward.

• Ascends from periuthral glands and perivaginal glands through the cervix and the endometrial cavity where they cause acute cervicitis and endometritis.
• Infection spreads on the mucosal surface of the fallopian tubes to the ovaries and pelvic organs

Question 14

Most common site of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 14

fallopian tubes (95%)

Question 15

Ectopic pregnancy presentation

Answer 15

sudden abdominal pain, shock like presentation about 6-12 weeks following a previous menstrual period.

Question 16

Physiology of menstrual cycle slide

Answer 16

know it

Question 17

During the proliferative phase, how would you characterize the endometrium?

Answer 17

Straight glands with psuedo-stratified epithelium.
No mucin production
Stroma is composed of spindle cells with scant cytoplasm, high mitotic rate

Question 18

Labia major covered by

Answer 18

skin

Question 19

Labia minor

Answer 19

non-keratinizing squamous epithelium

Question 20

Endocervical canal lined by?

Answer 20

glandular epithelium

Question 21

Upper 2/3 of the endometrum is called

Answer 21

zona functionalis

Question 22

Lower 1/3 is the basal layer

Answer 22

of the endometrium

Question 23

What does the trichomonas vaginalis organism look like?

Answer 23

Its a protozoa, looks a lot like a neutrophil swimming around

Question 24

Gross appearance of PID

Answer 24

adnexa show mall like conglomerates replacing the tubes and ovaries. Inflamed tube and ovaries surrounded by fibrous tissue
The masses are composed of inflammatory exudate, necrotic debris, and fibrous tissue.
May rupture causing peritonitis/ sepsis. May also turn into a sac containing clear fluid

Question 25

Endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 25

Prolonged, abnormally high estrogen stimulation without progesterone effect

Question 26

Conditions that cause endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 26

Stein-leventhal syndrome, perimenopause, estrogen tumors, obesity

Question 27

What is the normal gland to stroma ratio

Answer 27

50:50

Question 28

What is the gland to stroma ratio in endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 28

DOMINATING GLANDS over stroma

Question 29

What is a chandelier sign?

Answer 29

Discomfort when the cervix is manipulated…suggests PID

Question 30

Primary infxn that causes PID?

Answer 30

Post-partum endometriosis, Intrauterine device, curretage

Question 31

More common cause of PID is the introduction of organisms through sex

Answer 31

ok

Question 32

What causes the infertility in PID patients

Answer 32

stricture of the fallopian tubes

Question 33

Two most common causes of PID

Answer 33

chlamydia and gonorrhaea

Question 34

What does the post-menopausal endometrium look like?

Answer 34

• inactive or simple cystic glands
• No evidence of proliferation or secretion
• ## Dense inactive stroma

Question 35

KNOW…In hyperplasia, there is no secretion!!! If you see mucin, it is not hyperplasia

Answer 35

ok

Question 36

WHen looking for hyperplasia, look for glands with no stroma between them and no secretion

Answer 36

ok