reproductive anatomy Flashcards
gametes
haploid cell. male = spermatozoa in testes. female = oocyte in ovaries
fertilization
during fertilization a diploid cell (zygote) is produced. normal fertilization = Ovum from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube and many spermatozoa from testis to vagina
where is the pelvic cavity
- Pelvic cavity lies within bony pelvis
- Continuous with abdominal cavity (no border)
- Between pelvic inlet and outlet
pelvic floor
Internal wall of skeletal muscle, separates pelvic cavity and perineum. - Openings in pelvic floor allow Distal alimentary, repro and renal tracts to pass through
perineum
Inferior to pelvic floor, proximal parts to lower limb
pelvic roof
- Pelvic roof. Formed by parietal peritoneum (serous membrane, secrets fluid)
parietal peritoneum
Pelvic roof. Formed by parietal peritoneum (serous membrane, secrets fluid)
pouches formed by peritoneum
There’s the vesico(bladder)-uterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch. In females one of the lowest parts of the abdominal cavity. As peritoneum secrets fluid the excess gathers here and can sometimes indicate infection if bloody or has pus in it.
female repro organs
- Repro organs – ovaries
- Other accessory organs = uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
layers of uterus
Perimetrium (outer), myometrium (middle, muscle), endometrium (internal)
parts of the uterine tubes
broken into 3 parts, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum
how does the egg get from ovary to uterine tube
End of fallopian tube there’s an opening to the peritoneal cavity, when the egg comes out the fimbriae of the uterine tube (little finger things) collect the egg and bring in into tube.
uterus position
- Anteverted and anteflexed.
- Anteverted = cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
- Anteflexed = uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
where do the ovaries develop
- Develop on posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
Meaning they bring their original blood supply with them
which hormones do the ovaries secrete
- Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones
which artery supplies most pelvic organs
internal iliac artery
menstruation
- ova develops in ovaries
- each menstrual cycle, 1 ovum is released from surface of ovary into peritoneal cavity
- ovum is gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
- moved along uterine tube by cilia
- during menstruation, an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium
where does fertilization take place
Fertilisation usually occurs in ampulla; implantation happens in uterine body*
ectopic pregnancy
fertilisted ovum out with uterine cavity. Tubal 95%. Abdominal. Potential emergency, danger of hemorrhage
female sterilization
tubal ligation. Both tubes clipped, cut or cauterized which blocks lumen. Sometimes STIs can cause scar tissue to block tubes resulting in sterilization
what is the anatomical position for a penis
erect
where do the testes develop
- Originate on posterior wall of abdominal cavity, by birth they’ve descended to scrotum
- Descend through anterior abdominal wall through inguinal canal. Results in weakening which can lead to hernias
the vas deferens
- The tube that sperm passes through follows the testis into the scrotum
sperm production
- Sperm produced in seminiferous tubules. Temp 1 degree colder than body temp, dartos muscle helps to control that (smooth muscle on testis). 1500 every second. 64 days to mature
- Sperm pass to rete testis, then to head of epididymis, that then becomes vas deferens
