reproductive anatomy

Question 1

gametes

Answer 1

haploid cell. male = spermatozoa in testes. female = oocyte in ovaries

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

during fertilization a diploid cell (zygote) is produced. normal fertilization = Ovum from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube and many spermatozoa from testis to vagina

Question 3

where is the pelvic cavity

Answer 3

• Pelvic cavity lies within bony pelvis
• Continuous with abdominal cavity (no border)
• Between pelvic inlet and outlet

Question 4

pelvic floor

Answer 4

Internal wall of skeletal muscle, separates pelvic cavity and perineum. - Openings in pelvic floor allow Distal alimentary, repro and renal tracts to pass through

Question 5

perineum

Answer 5

Inferior to pelvic floor, proximal parts to lower limb

Question 6

pelvic roof

Answer 6

• Pelvic roof. Formed by parietal peritoneum (serous membrane, secrets fluid)

Question 7

parietal peritoneum

Answer 7

Pelvic roof. Formed by parietal peritoneum (serous membrane, secrets fluid)

Question 8

pouches formed by peritoneum

Answer 8

There’s the vesico(bladder)-uterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch. In females one of the lowest parts of the abdominal cavity. As peritoneum secrets fluid the excess gathers here and can sometimes indicate infection if bloody or has pus in it.

Question 9

female repro organs

Answer 9

• Repro organs – ovaries
• Other accessory organs = uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 10

layers of uterus

Answer 10

Perimetrium (outer), myometrium (middle, muscle), endometrium (internal)

Question 11

parts of the uterine tubes

Answer 11

broken into 3 parts, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum

Question 12

how does the egg get from ovary to uterine tube

Answer 12

End of fallopian tube there’s an opening to the peritoneal cavity, when the egg comes out the fimbriae of the uterine tube (little finger things) collect the egg and bring in into tube.

Question 13

uterus position

Answer 13

• Anteverted and anteflexed.
• Anteverted = cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
• Anteflexed = uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 14

where do the ovaries develop

Answer 14

• Develop on posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
  Meaning they bring their original blood supply with them

Question 15

which hormones do the ovaries secrete

Answer 15

• Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones

Question 16

which artery supplies most pelvic organs

Answer 16

internal iliac artery

Question 17

menstruation

Answer 17

• 1. ova develops in ovaries
• 2. each menstrual cycle, 1 ovum is released from surface of ovary into peritoneal cavity
• 3. ovum is gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
• 4. moved along uterine tube by cilia
• 5. during menstruation, an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium

Question 18

where does fertilization take place

Answer 18

Fertilisation usually occurs in ampulla; implantation happens in uterine body*

Question 19

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 19

fertilisted ovum out with uterine cavity. Tubal 95%. Abdominal. Potential emergency, danger of hemorrhage

Question 20

female sterilization

Answer 20

tubal ligation. Both tubes clipped, cut or cauterized which blocks lumen. Sometimes STIs can cause scar tissue to block tubes resulting in sterilization

Question 21

what is the anatomical position for a penis

Answer 21

erect

Question 22

where do the testes develop

Answer 22

• Originate on posterior wall of abdominal cavity, by birth they’ve descended to scrotum
• Descend through anterior abdominal wall through inguinal canal. Results in weakening which can lead to hernias

Question 23

the vas deferens

Answer 23

• The tube that sperm passes through follows the testis into the scrotum

Question 24

sperm production

Answer 24

• Sperm produced in seminiferous tubules. Temp 1 degree colder than body temp, dartos muscle helps to control that (smooth muscle on testis). 1500 every second. 64 days to mature
• Sperm pass to rete testis, then to head of epididymis, that then becomes vas deferens

Question 25

spermatic cord

Answer 25

• Cord contains the vas deferens, testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of veins
• Torsion of the testis, twisting of spermatic cord, disrupts blood supply, severe pain, surgical emergency

Question 26

axial section of penis

Answer 26

3 cylinders of erectile tissue become filled with blood at arterial pressure during erection

Question 27

male repro organs

Answer 27

• Testes are repro organ
• Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate glands and penis are accessory organs

Question 28

male sterilization

Answer 28

vasectomy. Vas deferens is transected and its lumen is sutured closed