nature of infection (types of pathogens)

Question 1

what are the 4 major groups of human pathogens

Answer 1

protozoa, fungi, bacteria, viruses

Question 2

overview of protozoa

Answer 2

single cell animals, eukaryotes

Question 3

overview of fungi

Answer 3

higher plant like animals, eukaryotes

Question 4

overview of bacteria

Answer 4

generally smaller, single celled, prokaryotes

Question 5

overview of viruses

Answer 5

very small obligate parasite, non living/obligate parasite

Question 6

eukaryote main characteristics

Answer 6

multi cellular, linear chromosomes and histones, introns/exons, flexible cell wall.

Question 7

prokaryotes main characteristics

Answer 7

simple, single celled, single circular chromosome, rigid cell wall, rapid cell cycle

Question 8

main components of eukaryotes

Answer 8

cell membrane, nucleus, centrosome, ribosomes, ER, mitochondria, golgi, cytoskeleton

Question 9

main components of prokaryotes

Answer 9

plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleoid (DNA), ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 10

cytoplasmic membrane features (cell wall)

Answer 10

lipid bilayer, retains cytoplasm, selective barrier, reaction surface

Question 11

nucleoid features

Answer 11

not same as nucleus, no membrane or defined location. no nuclear membrane

Question 12

which process turns a gene into mRNA during prokaryotic protein synthesis

Answer 12

transcription

Question 13

what turns ribosomes into proteins during prokaryotic protein synthesis

Answer 13

translation

Question 14

gram positive bacteria

Answer 14

can resist things better than gram negative, multi layer, more resistant to osmotic stress

Question 15

what makes up the cell wall of gram positive bacteria

Answer 15

rigid layer, barrier, repeated polysaccharide structure, target of penicillin

Question 16

gram negative bacteria

Answer 16

thin outer membrane, lipopolysaccharide

Question 17

cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Answer 17

rigid layer, barrier, repeated polysaccharide structure

Question 18

what are LPS

Answer 18

lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin, makes up gram negative outer membrane

Question 19

what are flagella/fimbriae

Answer 19

hair like structures that increase surface area

Question 20

where are flagella/fimbriae found

Answer 20

in gram negative and positive bacteria

Question 21

what do flagella/fimbriae do

Answer 21

attach and carry out functions (adherence, sex, motility), allows bacteria to move around

Question 22

what is needed to facilitate prokaryotic growth

Answer 22

needs basics, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen. Bacteria type adapts to what nutrients it can get

Question 23

psycrophiles

Answer 23

prokaryote type that survives in low temps

Question 24

thermophiles

Answer 24

prokaryotes that survive at high temps

Question 25

mesophiles

Answer 25

prokaryotes that survive at body temp

Question 26

oxygen levels and prokaryotic growth

Answer 26

certain organisms can/cant survive in certain levels of O2