Reproductive

Question 1

what is it called when a person has a congenitally tight foreskin?

Answer 1

phimosis

Question 2

what is it called when a person has a prolonged erection that is unrelated to sexual arousal?

Answer 2

priapism

Question 3

what are the two causes of priapism

Answer 3

sickle cell anemia
neurological disorder (over dilation of penile arteries)

Question 4

what is it called when at least one teste fails to descend into scrotum

Answer 4

cryptorchidism

Question 5

what is it called when fluid accumulates between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis in the testes?

Answer 5

hydrocele

Question 6

what are the congenital and acquired causes of hydrocele/

Answer 6

congenital: connection between peritoneal cavity and testes
acquired: injury or lymph blockage

Question 7

what is it called when there are varicosities of testicular veins?

Answer 7

variocele

Question 8

what is it called when a teste gets twisted

Answer 8

testicular torsion

Question 9

what are the two types of testicular cancer tumors

Answer 9

seminoma (epithelial tissue, they will remove the teste)

teratoma (can contain teeth and hair etc.)

Question 10

what is it called when there is a rapid mitosis of prostate cells

Answer 10

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 11

what is thought to be the cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 11

estrogen and testosterone imbalance

Question 12

how does benign prostatic hyperplasia affect urination?

Answer 12

“foot on hose”

constantly need to urinate but have difficulty doing so

Question 13

why is prostatic carcinoma hard to catch?

Answer 13

starts on outside of prostate so the signs do not appear as early

Question 14

does high Prostate Specific Antigen labs 100% mean that a person has prostate cancer?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what is the pathogen that is the cause of genital warts?

Answer 15

human papilloma virus

Question 16

how long is the incubation period for human papilloma virus

Answer 16

6-8 weeks

Question 17

what are some things that increase risk of cervical cancer?

Answer 17

HPV
early intercourse
multiple sexual partners

Question 18

scrapings from the cervical wall are called

Answer 18

a pap smear

Question 19

what is a pap smear looking for?

Answer 19

dysplasia

Question 20

what will doctor do if they catch cervical dysplasia early?

Answer 20

scrape the cells off

Question 21

what virus is the cause of genital herpes? where does it hide?

Answer 21

herpes simplex II

sacral ganglia

Question 22

what causes gonorrhea?

Answer 22

niesseria gonorrhea bacteria

Question 23

how long is the incubation for gonorrhea?

Answer 23

2 days-1 week

Question 24

what are the s/s of gonorrhea

Answer 24

burning w urination
itching
extreme pus

Question 25

what are the s/s of chlamydia?

Answer 25

dysuria, pelvic pain, discharge, can be asymptomatic

Question 26

what causes chlamydia?

Answer 26

chlamydia trachomatis bacteria

Question 27

infection of the female reproductive organs is called? | what are the things that can be inflamed?

Answer 27

Pelvic inflammatory disease endometritis salpingitis oophoritis peritonitis

Question 28

what are s/s of PID?

Answer 28

``` nausea, vomiting fever discharge risk of ectopic pregnancy abdominal or back pain diarrhea ```

Question 29

the treponema pallidum bacteria causes?

Answer 29

syphillis

Question 30

____________ can treat syphillis but can't fix its irreparable ___________

Answer 30

antibiotics | necrosis

Question 31

describe the first stage of syphilis

Answer 31

chancre lesion on penis or vulva that leaks fluid

Question 32

describe the second stage of syphilis

Answer 32

``` chancre goes away symmetrical body rash raised plaques on genitals that ulcerate fever, body aches white patches on tongue ```

Question 33

describe the 3rd stage of syphilis

Answer 33

remission, no symptoms, it lies in latency

Question 34

describe the fourth stage of syphilis

Answer 34

this is called the TERTIARY STAGE "gumma" or areas of irreversible necrosis appear.

Question 35

_______ is when the _________, or the tissue that lines the uterus, starts growing on fallopian tubes, ub, ovaries, or elsewhere

Answer 35

endometriosis

Question 36

the scientific name for uterine fibroid is | is it benign?

Answer 36

leiomyoma | yes

Question 37

what is the main. s/s of leiomyoma?

Answer 37

pain or pressure in pelvis | can cause bleeding if located in the submucosa

Question 38

what is it called when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, typically the fallopian tube?

Answer 38

ectopic pregnancy

Question 39

what is the red flag of ectopic pregnancy/

Answer 39

lower abdominal pain in woman of childbearing age

Question 40

what are the two types of ovarian cysts?

Answer 40

follicular - rather than releasing egg, follicle keeps growing luteal - corpus luteum keeps growing

Question 41

what is it called when a hormone imbalance creates lots of follicular cysts?

Answer 41

polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 42

what are the s/s of polycystic ovary syndrome

Answer 42

``` hirsutism acne infertility dysmenorrhea amenorrhea male pattern baldness pelvic pain ```

Question 43

what are some risks for breast cancer

Answer 43

``` female dense breasts menarche < 12 menopause > 45 older age family history ```

Question 44

what is the main s/s of breast cancer?

Answer 44

lump in breast

Question 45

what is it called when there is a rise in blood pressure during pregnancy (with risk of damage to liver and kidneys?)

Answer 45

preeclampsia

Question 46

preeclampsia can become eclampsia which is:

Answer 46

seizures caused by cerebral edema in pregnancy

Question 47

what kidney disorder can preeclampsia cause?

Answer 47

nephrotic syndrome

Question 48

what is the mechanism for gestational diabetes?

Answer 48

there is a placental hormone that creates insulin resistance to increase available blood sugar for baby. if there is too much of this hormone, the blood sugar levels get too high and the mother gets diabetes

Question 49

what is the risk for the baby as soon as the cord is cut when the mother gives birth with gestational diabetes

Answer 49

the baby will get hypoglycemic immediately and may have seizures