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Pathophysiology > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what is it called when a person has a congenitally tight foreskin?

A

phimosis

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2
Q

what is it called when a person has a prolonged erection that is unrelated to sexual arousal?

A

priapism

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3
Q

what are the two causes of priapism

A 
sickle cell anemia
neurological disorder (over dilation of penile arteries)
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4
Q

what is it called when at least one teste fails to descend into scrotum

A

cryptorchidism

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5
Q

what is it called when fluid accumulates between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis in the testes?

A

hydrocele

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6
Q

what are the congenital and acquired causes of hydrocele/

A

congenital: connection between peritoneal cavity and testes
acquired: injury or lymph blockage

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7
Q

what is it called when there are varicosities of testicular veins?

A

variocele

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8
Q

what is it called when a teste gets twisted

A

testicular torsion

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9
Q

what are the two types of testicular cancer tumors

A

seminoma (epithelial tissue, they will remove the teste)

teratoma (can contain teeth and hair etc.)

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10
Q

what is it called when there is a rapid mitosis of prostate cells

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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11
Q

what is thought to be the cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

estrogen and testosterone imbalance

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12
Q

how does benign prostatic hyperplasia affect urination?

A

“foot on hose”

constantly need to urinate but have difficulty doing so

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13
Q

why is prostatic carcinoma hard to catch?

A

starts on outside of prostate so the signs do not appear as early

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14
Q

does high Prostate Specific Antigen labs 100% mean that a person has prostate cancer?

A

no

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15
Q

what is the pathogen that is the cause of genital warts?

A

human papilloma virus

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16
Q

how long is the incubation period for human papilloma virus

A

6-8 weeks

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17
Q

what are some things that increase risk of cervical cancer?

A

HPV
early intercourse
multiple sexual partners

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18
Q

scrapings from the cervical wall are called

A

a pap smear

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19
Q

what is a pap smear looking for?

A

dysplasia

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20
Q

what will doctor do if they catch cervical dysplasia early?

A

scrape the cells off

21
Q

what virus is the cause of genital herpes? where does it hide?

A

herpes simplex II

sacral ganglia

22
Q

what causes gonorrhea?

A

niesseria gonorrhea bacteria

23
Q

how long is the incubation for gonorrhea?

A

2 days-1 week

24
Q

what are the s/s of gonorrhea

A

burning w urination
itching
extreme pus

25
Q

what are the s/s of chlamydia?

A

dysuria, pelvic pain, discharge, can be asymptomatic

26
Q

what causes chlamydia?

A

chlamydia trachomatis bacteria

27
Q

infection of the female reproductive organs is called?

what are the things that can be inflamed?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

endometritis
salpingitis
oophoritis
peritonitis

28
Q

what are s/s of PID?

A 
nausea,
vomiting
fever
discharge
risk of ectopic pregnancy
abdominal or back pain
diarrhea
29
Q

the treponema pallidum bacteria causes?

A

syphillis

30
Q

____________ can treat syphillis but can’t fix its irreparable ___________

A

antibiotics

necrosis

31
Q

describe the first stage of syphilis

A

chancre lesion on penis or vulva that leaks fluid

32
Q

describe the second stage of syphilis

A 
chancre goes away 
symmetrical body rash
raised plaques on genitals that ulcerate
fever, body aches
white patches on tongue
33
Q

describe the 3rd stage of syphilis

A

remission, no symptoms, it lies in latency

34
Q

describe the fourth stage of syphilis

A

this is called the TERTIARY STAGE

“gumma” or areas of irreversible necrosis appear.

35
Q

_______ is when the _________, or the tissue that lines the uterus, starts growing on fallopian tubes, ub, ovaries, or elsewhere

A

endometriosis

36
Q

the scientific name for uterine fibroid is

is it benign?

A

leiomyoma

yes

37
Q

what is the main. s/s of leiomyoma?

A

pain or pressure in pelvis

can cause bleeding if located in the submucosa

38
Q

what is it called when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, typically the fallopian tube?

A

ectopic pregnancy

39
Q

what is the red flag of ectopic pregnancy/

A

lower abdominal pain in woman of childbearing age

40
Q

what are the two types of ovarian cysts?

A

follicular - rather than releasing egg, follicle keeps growing
luteal - corpus luteum keeps growing

41
Q

what is it called when a hormone imbalance creates lots of follicular cysts?

A

polycystic ovary syndrome

42
Q

what are the s/s of polycystic ovary syndrome

A 
hirsutism
acne
infertility
dysmenorrhea
amenorrhea
male pattern baldness
pelvic pain
43
Q

what are some risks for breast cancer

A 
female
dense breasts
menarche < 12
menopause > 45
older age
family history
44
Q

what is the main s/s of breast cancer?

A

lump in breast

45
Q

what is it called when there is a rise in blood pressure during pregnancy (with risk of damage to liver and kidneys?)

A

preeclampsia

46
Q

preeclampsia can become eclampsia which is:

A

seizures caused by cerebral edema in pregnancy

47
Q

what kidney disorder can preeclampsia cause?

A

nephrotic syndrome

48
Q

what is the mechanism for gestational diabetes?

A

there is a placental hormone that creates insulin resistance to increase available blood sugar for baby. if there is too much of this hormone, the blood sugar levels get too high and the mother gets diabetes

49
Q

what is the risk for the baby as soon as the cord is cut when the mother gives birth with gestational diabetes

A

the baby will get hypoglycemic immediately and may have seizures

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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