Reproductive Flashcards
what is it called when a person has a congenitally tight foreskin?
phimosis
what is it called when a person has a prolonged erection that is unrelated to sexual arousal?
priapism
what are the two causes of priapism
sickle cell anemia neurological disorder (over dilation of penile arteries)
what is it called when at least one teste fails to descend into scrotum
cryptorchidism
what is it called when fluid accumulates between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis in the testes?
hydrocele
what are the congenital and acquired causes of hydrocele/
congenital: connection between peritoneal cavity and testes
acquired: injury or lymph blockage
what is it called when there are varicosities of testicular veins?
variocele
what is it called when a teste gets twisted
testicular torsion
what are the two types of testicular cancer tumors
seminoma (epithelial tissue, they will remove the teste)
teratoma (can contain teeth and hair etc.)
what is it called when there is a rapid mitosis of prostate cells
benign prostatic hyperplasia
what is thought to be the cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
estrogen and testosterone imbalance
how does benign prostatic hyperplasia affect urination?
“foot on hose”
constantly need to urinate but have difficulty doing so
why is prostatic carcinoma hard to catch?
starts on outside of prostate so the signs do not appear as early
does high Prostate Specific Antigen labs 100% mean that a person has prostate cancer?
no
what is the pathogen that is the cause of genital warts?
human papilloma virus
how long is the incubation period for human papilloma virus
6-8 weeks
what are some things that increase risk of cervical cancer?
HPV
early intercourse
multiple sexual partners
scrapings from the cervical wall are called
a pap smear
what is a pap smear looking for?
dysplasia
what will doctor do if they catch cervical dysplasia early?
scrape the cells off
what virus is the cause of genital herpes? where does it hide?
herpes simplex II
sacral ganglia
what causes gonorrhea?
niesseria gonorrhea bacteria
how long is the incubation for gonorrhea?
2 days-1 week
what are the s/s of gonorrhea
burning w urination
itching
extreme pus
what are the s/s of chlamydia?
dysuria, pelvic pain, discharge, can be asymptomatic
what causes chlamydia?
chlamydia trachomatis bacteria
infection of the female reproductive organs is called?
what are the things that can be inflamed?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
endometritis
salpingitis
oophoritis
peritonitis
what are s/s of PID?
nausea, vomiting fever discharge risk of ectopic pregnancy abdominal or back pain diarrhea
the treponema pallidum bacteria causes?
syphillis
____________ can treat syphillis but can’t fix its irreparable ___________
antibiotics
necrosis
describe the first stage of syphilis
chancre lesion on penis or vulva that leaks fluid
describe the second stage of syphilis
chancre goes away symmetrical body rash raised plaques on genitals that ulcerate fever, body aches white patches on tongue
describe the 3rd stage of syphilis
remission, no symptoms, it lies in latency
describe the fourth stage of syphilis
this is called the TERTIARY STAGE
“gumma” or areas of irreversible necrosis appear.
_______ is when the _________, or the tissue that lines the uterus, starts growing on fallopian tubes, ub, ovaries, or elsewhere
endometriosis
the scientific name for uterine fibroid is
is it benign?
leiomyoma
yes
what is the main. s/s of leiomyoma?
pain or pressure in pelvis
can cause bleeding if located in the submucosa
what is it called when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, typically the fallopian tube?
ectopic pregnancy
what is the red flag of ectopic pregnancy/
lower abdominal pain in woman of childbearing age
what are the two types of ovarian cysts?
follicular - rather than releasing egg, follicle keeps growing
luteal - corpus luteum keeps growing
what is it called when a hormone imbalance creates lots of follicular cysts?
polycystic ovary syndrome
what are the s/s of polycystic ovary syndrome
hirsutism acne infertility dysmenorrhea amenorrhea male pattern baldness pelvic pain
what are some risks for breast cancer
female dense breasts menarche < 12 menopause > 45 older age family history
what is the main s/s of breast cancer?
lump in breast
what is it called when there is a rise in blood pressure during pregnancy (with risk of damage to liver and kidneys?)
preeclampsia
preeclampsia can become eclampsia which is:
seizures caused by cerebral edema in pregnancy
what kidney disorder can preeclampsia cause?
nephrotic syndrome
what is the mechanism for gestational diabetes?
there is a placental hormone that creates insulin resistance to increase available blood sugar for baby. if there is too much of this hormone, the blood sugar levels get too high and the mother gets diabetes
what is the risk for the baby as soon as the cord is cut when the mother gives birth with gestational diabetes
the baby will get hypoglycemic immediately and may have seizures
