Leukocytes

Question 1

where are WBC’s produced?

Answer 1

red bone marrow

Question 2

what is it called when there are too many WBC

Answer 2

leukocytosis

Question 3

______ is too few WBCs

Answer 3

leukopenia

Question 4

myeloid versus lymphoid cells. which three of the following are lymphoid?
granulocytes
agranulocytes
T cells
B cells
NK cells

Answer 4

T, B, and NK cells are lymphoid cells.

Question 5

name three types of granulocytes

Answer 5

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 6

what is the one type of agranulocyte?

Answer 6

macrophage (monocyte)

Question 7

b cells mature in the _________

t cells mature in the _________

Answer 7

bone marrow

thymus

Question 8

what virus causes mono aka ____________

Answer 8

epstein barr virus

infectious mononucleosis

Question 9

how long does it take mono to resolve

Answer 9

1-2 months

Question 10

mono can lead to what complication?

Answer 10

chronic fatigue and guillain barre

Question 11

leukemia and lymphoma are both

Answer 11

involving proliferation of cancerous hematopoeic precursor cells

Question 12

leukemia can happen to which kinds of WBCs

Answer 12

any

Question 13

with leukemia, are the cells circulating or not?

Answer 13

circulating

Question 14

which cells can become lymphomas

Answer 14

t cells and b cells

Question 15

are lymphomas circulating or in masses?

Answer 15

mass

Question 16

in leukemia, generally, there is a __________ in the bone marrow that is prouducing high amounts of __________ and _______ WBCs. this reduces production of ______ and _______.

Answer 16

space occupying lesion
immature
cancerous
RBCs
Platelets

Question 17

what does leukemia do to the quality of the blood

Answer 17

increase viscosity, causing impaired circulation

Question 18

will a person with leukemia have weight loss or weight gain

Answer 18

weight loss, because it takes energy to produce tons of cancerous cells

Question 19

what are the four types of leukemia

Answer 19

acute lymphoblactic leukemia ALL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL
acute myeloblastic leukemia AML
chronic myelocytic leukemia CML

Question 20

which is the most common childhood cancer

Answer 20

ALL

Question 21

why are ALL and AML acute?

Answer 21

the undifferentiated cells are better at proliferating so the symptoms come on more quick and aggressive

Question 22

what are the symptoms of AML and ALL

Answer 22

fever
nightsweats
frequent infections 
weight loss
fatigue
bleeding
bruising
bone pain
lymphadenopathy 
hepatosplenomegaly

Question 23

CML and CLL affect more _________ cells than ALL and AML

Answer 23

mature

Question 24

compare symptoms between acute and chronic leukemias

Answer 24

they are the same but chronic come on more slowly

Question 25

what is the name for the genetic base of CML?

Answer 25

PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSE

Question 26

What are the three stages of CML?

Answer 26

stable accelerated blast crisis

Question 27

what happens in the blast crisis stage of CML

Answer 27

cancerous cells become immature and the whole thing starts to act like AML

Question 28

what are the following labs for leukemia rbc platelet wbc

Answer 28

anemia thrombocytopenia low WBC and high cancerous WBC

Question 29

name the 5 lymphoid tissues where a lymphoma can occur

Answer 29

``` tonsils spleen bone marrow thymus lymph nodes ```

Question 30

what are the two types of lymphoma

Answer 30

hodgkin's | non-hodgkin's

Question 31

why does hodgkin's have a better prognosis? what two reasons in particular

Answer 31

easier to catch happens to younger people appears first in a superficial and easy to access lymph node

Question 32

how does alcohol affect a hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 32

makes it burn or itch

Question 33

what are the s/s of lymphoma if left untreated

Answer 33

fever, nightsweats, similar to leukemia

Question 34

what is the main lab test for hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 34

PRESENCE OF REED STERNBERG CELLS

Question 35

which is more common, hodgkin's or non hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 35

non hodgkin's

Question 36

where does non-hodgkin's usually start?

Answer 36

Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) in gut

Question 37

does non-hodgkin's have reed sternberg cells

Answer 37

no

Question 38

will there be abdominal pain and swelling with non-hodgkin's?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

1st stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?

Answer 39

one lymph node (can be symmetrical, like both axilla)

Question 40

2nd stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?

Answer 40

2 or more lymph nodes on same side of diaphragm

Question 41

3rd stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?

Answer 41

2 or more lymph nodes on opposite sides of diaphragm

Question 42

4th stage lymphoma will affect what and where?

Answer 42

this means that cancer has metastasized outside of the lymph system and affected other organs

Question 43

________ is when there is a cancer of the __________ cells, which come from developed B cells.

Answer 43

multiple myeloma | plasma

Question 44

since plasma cells make ___________, in multiple myeloma, they will make defective ____________ (same word). These ____________ (same word) will secrete _____________

Answer 44

antibodies | osteoclastic activating factor

Question 45

osteoclastic activating factor will cause what to happen to bones?

Answer 45

punched out lesions

Question 46

what are the s/s of multiple myeloma

Answer 46

CRAB Calcium (elevated) Renal failure (from too much calcium) Anemia Bones (lesions)

Question 47

what will appear in multiple myeloma labs

Answer 47

BENCE JONES PROTEINS | they break off of damaged antibodies