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Pathophysiology > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

where are WBC’s produced?

A

red bone marrow

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2
Q

what is it called when there are too many WBC

A

leukocytosis

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3
Q

______ is too few WBCs

A

leukopenia

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4
Q 
myeloid versus lymphoid cells. which three of the following are lymphoid?
granulocytes
agranulocytes
T cells
B cells
NK cells
A

T, B, and NK cells are lymphoid cells.

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5
Q

name three types of granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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6
Q

what is the one type of agranulocyte?

A

macrophage (monocyte)

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7
Q

b cells mature in the _________

t cells mature in the _________

A

bone marrow

thymus

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8
Q

what virus causes mono aka ____________

A

epstein barr virus

infectious mononucleosis

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9
Q

how long does it take mono to resolve

A

1-2 months

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10
Q

mono can lead to what complication?

A

chronic fatigue and guillain barre

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11
Q

leukemia and lymphoma are both

A

involving proliferation of cancerous hematopoeic precursor cells

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12
Q

leukemia can happen to which kinds of WBCs

A

any

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13
Q

with leukemia, are the cells circulating or not?

A

circulating

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14
Q

which cells can become lymphomas

A

t cells and b cells

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15
Q

are lymphomas circulating or in masses?

A

mass

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16
Q

in leukemia, generally, there is a __________ in the bone marrow that is prouducing high amounts of __________ and _______ WBCs. this reduces production of ______ and _______.

A 
space occupying lesion
immature
cancerous
RBCs
Platelets
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17
Q

what does leukemia do to the quality of the blood

A

increase viscosity, causing impaired circulation

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18
Q

will a person with leukemia have weight loss or weight gain

A

weight loss, because it takes energy to produce tons of cancerous cells

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19
Q

what are the four types of leukemia

A

acute lymphoblactic leukemia ALL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL
acute myeloblastic leukemia AML
chronic myelocytic leukemia CML

20
Q

which is the most common childhood cancer

A

ALL

21
Q

why are ALL and AML acute?

A

the undifferentiated cells are better at proliferating so the symptoms come on more quick and aggressive

22
Q

what are the symptoms of AML and ALL

A 
fever
nightsweats
frequent infections 
weight loss
fatigue
bleeding
bruising
bone pain
lymphadenopathy 
hepatosplenomegaly
23
Q

CML and CLL affect more _________ cells than ALL and AML

A

mature

24
Q

compare symptoms between acute and chronic leukemias

A

they are the same but chronic come on more slowly

25
Q

what is the name for the genetic base of CML?

A

PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSE

26
Q

What are the three stages of CML?

A

stable
accelerated
blast crisis

27
Q

what happens in the blast crisis stage of CML

A

cancerous cells become immature and the whole thing starts to act like AML

28
Q

what are the following labs for leukemia
rbc
platelet
wbc

A

anemia
thrombocytopenia
low WBC and high cancerous WBC

29
Q

name the 5 lymphoid tissues where a lymphoma can occur

A 
tonsils
spleen
bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
30
Q

what are the two types of lymphoma

A

hodgkin’s

non-hodgkin’s

31
Q

why does hodgkin’s have a better prognosis? what two reasons in particular

A

easier to catch
happens to younger people
appears first in a superficial and easy to access lymph node

32
Q

how does alcohol affect a hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

makes it burn or itch

33
Q

what are the s/s of lymphoma if left untreated

A

fever, nightsweats, similar to leukemia

34
Q

what is the main lab test for hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

PRESENCE OF REED STERNBERG CELLS

35
Q

which is more common, hodgkin’s or non hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

non hodgkin’s

36
Q

where does non-hodgkin’s usually start?

A

Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) in gut

37
Q

does non-hodgkin’s have reed sternberg cells

A

no

38
Q

will there be abdominal pain and swelling with non-hodgkin’s?

A

yes

39
Q

1st stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?

A

one lymph node (can be symmetrical, like both axilla)

40
Q

2nd stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?

A

2 or more lymph nodes on same side of diaphragm

41
Q

3rd stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?

A

2 or more lymph nodes on opposite sides of diaphragm

42
Q

4th stage lymphoma will affect what and where?

A

this means that cancer has metastasized outside of the lymph system and affected other organs

43
Q

________ is when there is a cancer of the __________ cells, which come from developed B cells.

A

multiple myeloma

plasma

44
Q

since plasma cells make ___________, in multiple myeloma, they will make defective ____________ (same word). These ____________ (same word) will secrete _____________

A

antibodies

osteoclastic activating factor

45
Q

osteoclastic activating factor will cause what to happen to bones?

A

punched out lesions

46
Q

what are the s/s of multiple myeloma

A

CRAB

Calcium (elevated)
Renal failure (from too much calcium)
Anemia
Bones (lesions)

47
Q

what will appear in multiple myeloma labs

A

BENCE JONES PROTEINS

they break off of damaged antibodies

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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