Leukocytes Flashcards
where are WBC’s produced?
red bone marrow
what is it called when there are too many WBC
leukocytosis
______ is too few WBCs
leukopenia
myeloid versus lymphoid cells. which three of the following are lymphoid? granulocytes agranulocytes T cells B cells NK cells
T, B, and NK cells are lymphoid cells.
name three types of granulocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
what is the one type of agranulocyte?
macrophage (monocyte)
b cells mature in the _________
t cells mature in the _________
bone marrow
thymus
what virus causes mono aka ____________
epstein barr virus
infectious mononucleosis
how long does it take mono to resolve
1-2 months
mono can lead to what complication?
chronic fatigue and guillain barre
leukemia and lymphoma are both
involving proliferation of cancerous hematopoeic precursor cells
leukemia can happen to which kinds of WBCs
any
with leukemia, are the cells circulating or not?
circulating
which cells can become lymphomas
t cells and b cells
are lymphomas circulating or in masses?
mass
in leukemia, generally, there is a __________ in the bone marrow that is prouducing high amounts of __________ and _______ WBCs. this reduces production of ______ and _______.
space occupying lesion immature cancerous RBCs Platelets
what does leukemia do to the quality of the blood
increase viscosity, causing impaired circulation
will a person with leukemia have weight loss or weight gain
weight loss, because it takes energy to produce tons of cancerous cells
what are the four types of leukemia
acute lymphoblactic leukemia ALL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL
acute myeloblastic leukemia AML
chronic myelocytic leukemia CML
which is the most common childhood cancer
ALL
why are ALL and AML acute?
the undifferentiated cells are better at proliferating so the symptoms come on more quick and aggressive
what are the symptoms of AML and ALL
fever nightsweats frequent infections weight loss fatigue bleeding bruising bone pain lymphadenopathy hepatosplenomegaly
CML and CLL affect more _________ cells than ALL and AML
mature
compare symptoms between acute and chronic leukemias
they are the same but chronic come on more slowly
what is the name for the genetic base of CML?
PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSE
What are the three stages of CML?
stable
accelerated
blast crisis
what happens in the blast crisis stage of CML
cancerous cells become immature and the whole thing starts to act like AML
what are the following labs for leukemia
rbc
platelet
wbc
anemia
thrombocytopenia
low WBC and high cancerous WBC
name the 5 lymphoid tissues where a lymphoma can occur
tonsils spleen bone marrow thymus lymph nodes
what are the two types of lymphoma
hodgkin’s
non-hodgkin’s
why does hodgkin’s have a better prognosis? what two reasons in particular
easier to catch
happens to younger people
appears first in a superficial and easy to access lymph node
how does alcohol affect a hodgkin’s lymphoma
makes it burn or itch
what are the s/s of lymphoma if left untreated
fever, nightsweats, similar to leukemia
what is the main lab test for hodgkin’s lymphoma
PRESENCE OF REED STERNBERG CELLS
which is more common, hodgkin’s or non hodgkin’s lymphoma
non hodgkin’s
where does non-hodgkin’s usually start?
Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) in gut
does non-hodgkin’s have reed sternberg cells
no
will there be abdominal pain and swelling with non-hodgkin’s?
yes
1st stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?
one lymph node (can be symmetrical, like both axilla)
2nd stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?
2 or more lymph nodes on same side of diaphragm
3rd stage lymphoma will affect how many lymph nodes and where?
2 or more lymph nodes on opposite sides of diaphragm
4th stage lymphoma will affect what and where?
this means that cancer has metastasized outside of the lymph system and affected other organs
________ is when there is a cancer of the __________ cells, which come from developed B cells.
multiple myeloma
plasma
since plasma cells make ___________, in multiple myeloma, they will make defective ____________ (same word). These ____________ (same word) will secrete _____________
antibodies
osteoclastic activating factor
osteoclastic activating factor will cause what to happen to bones?
punched out lesions
what are the s/s of multiple myeloma
CRAB
Calcium (elevated)
Renal failure (from too much calcium)
Anemia
Bones (lesions)
what will appear in multiple myeloma labs
BENCE JONES PROTEINS
they break off of damaged antibodies
