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Pathophysiology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Innate vs Adaptive immunity

which is present at birth?

A

Innate

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2
Q

innate vs acquired immunity

which has a non specific response?

A

innate

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3
Q

innate vs adaptive immunity

which induced by exposure to foreign substances – Takes time to develop after first exposure?

A

adaptive

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4
Q

Are neutrophils in innate or acquired immunity?

A

innate

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5
Q

which cell is the “first responder” on the scene in large numbers first and begin phagocytizing foreign invaders and debris?

A

neutrophils

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6
Q

Which cells secrete chemicals that help destroy parasites and are elevated in allergic reactions?

A

eosinophils

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7
Q

What 2 cells secrete histamine and have IgE antibodies bound to their cell membranes

A

mast cells

basophils

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8
Q

What do we call the system that includes proteins that bind to the membranes of foreign invaders, damaging the invaders’ cell membranes, and marking them as a target for destruction?

A

compliment system

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9
Q

What cell is known for phagocytizing foreign antigens and presenting antigenic material to the T-helper cells in order to induce the development of acquired immunity?

A

macrophages

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10
Q

What cell is known for destroying our own body cells if those cells fail to display the proper cell recognition markers?

A

natural killer cells

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11
Q

What cell does the macrophage present antigenic material to, inducing this cell to secrete cytokines that stimulate aspects of innate immunity and induce development of acquired immunity?

A

T Helper Cells (CD4)

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12
Q

What cell destroys body cells that are displaying abnormal cell markers such as would occur in tumor cells or virus- infected cells?

A

T Killer Cells (CD8) (Cytotoxic T Cells)

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13
Q

What cell differentiates into a plasma cell, which then produces antibodies against particular antigens?

A

B Cells

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14
Q

(___) are Y-shaped proteins produced as part of the body’s immune response to infection. They help eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood by directly destroying them or by blocking them from infecting cells.

A

Antibodies

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15
Q

what are the five types of antibodies?

A 
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA
IgD
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16
Q

Which antibody is produced FIRST in response to an invader? It circulates in blood and lymph and does not last long.

A

IgM

17
Q

Which antibody is produced after IgM
– Most abundant antibody in blood and lymph – Last for years
– Crosses placenta

A

IgG

18
Q

Which antibody is found in mucosal secretions, breast milk, saliva, tears, etc?

A

IgA

A for Airway

19
Q

Which antibody mediates inflammatory, allergic, and parasitic response?
Also, which two cells does it bind to and activate?

A

IgE

binds to mast cells and basophils

20
Q

Which antibody binds to B cells?

A

IgD

21
Q

Acute inflammation: first the (____) come, then the (____) come
Chronic inflammation: (____) and (____) stick around indefinitely

A

neutrophils, then macrophages

macrophages + lymphocytes

22
Q

what are the two types of pathological calcification?

A

dystrophic and metastatic

revisit this part of lecture #1??

23
Q

Describe a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

1=A, the first letter in the alphabet
antigens come in from outside
IgE antibodies will react the second time you come in contact with that antigen
examples are asthma, allergies, and anaphylaxis

24
Q

Describe a Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

2=B, attacks your own Body
The antigen is fixed and a part of the tissue that’s under attack
this is an autoimmune reaction or a transplant that went wrong
IgG and IgM antibodies (the first responders)

25
Q

Describe a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

3=C for Complex
Foreign entity or debris combines with IgG and IgM antibodies to create the antibody-antigen complex. it floats around the body till it gets stuck in tissue and creates damage

26
Q

Describe a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

A

4=D for Doesn’t involve antibodies, Delayed response

an example of this is poison ivy

27
Q

what is metaplasia

A

reversible, when a mature, differentiated cell turns into a different type of mature cell

28
Q

what is dysplasia?

A

when mature, differentiated cells get replaced by immature, undifferentiated cells. this is a precursor to cancer

29
Q

apoptosis?

does it create an inflammatory reaction?

A

programmed cell death,

no

30
Q

necrosis?
does it create inflammation?
can lead to?

A

unregulated cell death
yes
gangrene

31
Q

dry gangrene is caused by (_____) and spreads (____)

A

lack of blood supply

slowly

32
Q

wet gangrene is caused by (_____), spreads (____) and can lead to?

A

infection
fast
sepsis

33
Q

(_____) and (_____) secrete (____), which causes local vasodilation.

A

mast cells
basophils
histamine

34
Q

which two cells will not undergo hyperplasia?

A

muscle

neuron

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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