Immunity Flashcards
Innate vs Adaptive immunity
which is present at birth?
Innate
innate vs acquired immunity
which has a non specific response?
innate
innate vs adaptive immunity
which induced by exposure to foreign substances – Takes time to develop after first exposure?
adaptive
Are neutrophils in innate or acquired immunity?
innate
which cell is the “first responder” on the scene in large numbers first and begin phagocytizing foreign invaders and debris?
neutrophils
Which cells secrete chemicals that help destroy parasites and are elevated in allergic reactions?
eosinophils
What 2 cells secrete histamine and have IgE antibodies bound to their cell membranes
mast cells
basophils
What do we call the system that includes proteins that bind to the membranes of foreign invaders, damaging the invaders’ cell membranes, and marking them as a target for destruction?
compliment system
What cell is known for phagocytizing foreign antigens and presenting antigenic material to the T-helper cells in order to induce the development of acquired immunity?
macrophages
What cell is known for destroying our own body cells if those cells fail to display the proper cell recognition markers?
natural killer cells
What cell does the macrophage present antigenic material to, inducing this cell to secrete cytokines that stimulate aspects of innate immunity and induce development of acquired immunity?
T Helper Cells (CD4)
What cell destroys body cells that are displaying abnormal cell markers such as would occur in tumor cells or virus- infected cells?
T Killer Cells (CD8) (Cytotoxic T Cells)
What cell differentiates into a plasma cell, which then produces antibodies against particular antigens?
B Cells
(___) are Y-shaped proteins produced as part of the body’s immune response to infection. They help eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood by directly destroying them or by blocking them from infecting cells.
Antibodies
what are the five types of antibodies?
IgM IgG IgE IgA IgD
Which antibody is produced FIRST in response to an invader? It circulates in blood and lymph and does not last long.
IgM
Which antibody is produced after IgM
– Most abundant antibody in blood and lymph – Last for years
– Crosses placenta
IgG
Which antibody is found in mucosal secretions, breast milk, saliva, tears, etc?
IgA
A for Airway
Which antibody mediates inflammatory, allergic, and parasitic response?
Also, which two cells does it bind to and activate?
IgE
binds to mast cells and basophils
Which antibody binds to B cells?
IgD
Acute inflammation: first the (____) come, then the (____) come
Chronic inflammation: (____) and (____) stick around indefinitely
neutrophils, then macrophages
macrophages + lymphocytes
what are the two types of pathological calcification?
dystrophic and metastatic
revisit this part of lecture #1??
Describe a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
1=A, the first letter in the alphabet
antigens come in from outside
IgE antibodies will react the second time you come in contact with that antigen
examples are asthma, allergies, and anaphylaxis
Describe a Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction
2=B, attacks your own Body
The antigen is fixed and a part of the tissue that’s under attack
this is an autoimmune reaction or a transplant that went wrong
IgG and IgM antibodies (the first responders)
Describe a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
3=C for Complex
Foreign entity or debris combines with IgG and IgM antibodies to create the antibody-antigen complex. it floats around the body till it gets stuck in tissue and creates damage
Describe a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
4=D for Doesn’t involve antibodies, Delayed response
an example of this is poison ivy
what is metaplasia
reversible, when a mature, differentiated cell turns into a different type of mature cell
what is dysplasia?
when mature, differentiated cells get replaced by immature, undifferentiated cells. this is a precursor to cancer
apoptosis?
does it create an inflammatory reaction?
programmed cell death,
no
necrosis?
does it create inflammation?
can lead to?
unregulated cell death
yes
gangrene
dry gangrene is caused by (_____) and spreads (____)
lack of blood supply
slowly
wet gangrene is caused by (_____), spreads (____) and can lead to?
infection
fast
sepsis
(_____) and (_____) secrete (____), which causes local vasodilation.
mast cells
basophils
histamine
which two cells will not undergo hyperplasia?
muscle
neuron
