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Pathophysiology > Lower GI > Flashcards

Lower GI Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

DJ Ileum

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2
Q

majority of ______ and _______ takes place in the SI

A

digestion and absorption

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3
Q

where does the digestion of carbs start?

A

in the mouth, with saliva

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4
Q

which will affect your ability to absorb nutrients? SI or LI pathology?

A

SI

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5
Q

which valve is between SI and LI

A

iliosecal

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6
Q

inner lining of SI has _______ lined with ______ and ______ for increasing __________

A

crypts
villi
microvilli
increasing surface area

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7
Q

what part of LI is the appendix attached to?

A

cecum

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8
Q

which part of the LI comes before the rectum?

A

sigmoid

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9
Q

what does the LI mostly absorb?

A

water and electrolytes

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10
Q

how does too much salt cause diarrhea?

A

osmosis draws water into the LI

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11
Q

how does lactose cause diarrhea?

A

undigested lactose draws water into the LI via osmosis

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12
Q

how can a secretory disorder cause diarrhea?

A

if GB is removed, bile will drip into the SI

if no lipase is secreted, then fat will not be digested and stool will be oily

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13
Q

how can fast peristalsis create diarrhea?

A

not enough time to absorb water before it reaches LI

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14
Q

what is the definition of constipation?

A

less than 3 stools per week

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15
Q

what are the two main types/causes of constipation?

A

mechanical ileus and paralytic ileus

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16
Q

what is ileus?

A

a temporary lack of normal intestinal muscle contractions

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17
Q

mechanical ileus is caused by a _______

A

blockage

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18
Q

what can block up the LI?

A 
tumor
foreign body
stricture
fecal impaction
volvulus
intussusception
inguinal hernia
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19
Q

what can cause paralytic ileus

A

IBS
stress
opioids
anaesthesia

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20
Q

what is paralytic ileus

A

when the peristalsis of the LI isn’t working

21
Q

Are UC and chron’s examples of IBS or IBD?

A

IBD

22
Q

who is disproportionately affected by IBD

A

women 20s-30s

23
Q

what is the pattern associated with autoimmune diseases?

A

remission/exacerbation

24
Q

what are s/s of ibd

A 
diarrhea
weight loss
muscle twitching
food avoidance
bloating
cramping

rash
arthritis
fever
uveitis (inflammation of the submucosa of the eyeball

25
Q

UC vs. Chron’s: which one starts in the rectum and works its way up thru the colon?

A

UC

U for Up the rectum

26
Q

UC vs Crohn’s: which one can be anywhere along the GI from esophagus to anus?

A

Crohn’s

27
Q

UC vs Crohn’s: which one has skip lesions?

A

crohn’s because it goes from esophagus to anus and has more ground to cover

28
Q

UC vs Crohn’s: which one has cobblestoning? why does cobblestoning occur?

A

crohn’s because it has stones to skip

it only takes place in the submucosal layer

29
Q

UC vs Crohn’s: which one has blood in stool?

A

UC because the mucosal layer gets continuous lesions

30
Q

what is the name for an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as what happens in IBD?

A

fistula

31
Q

what are the three types of IBS?

A

constipation
diarrhea
alternating constipation and diarrhea

32
Q

how is IBS diff from IBD

A

IBS is a motility disorder, usually d/t stress

33
Q

what can cause diverticulosis?

A

straining to poop, especially with weak connective tissue

34
Q

what’s the concern with diverticulosis?

A

rupture

35
Q

What is it called when the appendix becomes inflamed and swollen and can perforate if not removed?

A

appendicitis

36
Q

what can cause appendicitis

A

ipact, infection, fecal matter

37
Q

what are the s/s of appendicitis

A

pain that starts at umbilicus and goes to lower right quadrant
fever, nausea, vomiting

38
Q

how do you test for appendicitis?

A

rebound pressure (hurts more when you pull finger away) from mcburney’s point on abdomen

39
Q

what happens if diverticulosis or appendix perforates?

A

peritonitis

septic shock

40
Q

pathomechanism of celiac disease?

A

leaky gut allows gluten to inflame intestinal cells of duodenum. Our body then sees our own cells as foreign and autoimmune response occurs. SI become blunted and can’t absorb as well

41
Q

Distinguishing sign/symptom of colon cancer

A

“pencil thin stool” caused by polyps creating narrow opening

42
Q

common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet at the ______?

A

ampulla of vater

43
Q

what is the other name for gallstones?

A

cholelithiasis/cholecystitis

44
Q

what is the main component of cholelithiasis

A

cholesterol 80%
bile salts
bilirubin

45
Q

what are the four risk factors for cholecystitis

A

fourty
female
fat
fertile

46
Q

pain from cholelithiasis is worse after

A

eating fatty food

47
Q

location of cholelithiasis pain? where will it radiate?

A

upper right quadrant

right shoulder

48
Q

what symptom will result if a gallstone blocks the common bile duct?

A

jaundice

49
Q

pathomechanism of pancreatitis. where will the pain be located?

A

sphincter of oddi spasms from alcoholism or gallstone blocks duct. the pancreatic enzymes start to auto-digest the pancreas. upper left quadrant pain that radiates to back

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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