Lower GI Flashcards
what are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
DJ Ileum
majority of ______ and _______ takes place in the SI
digestion and absorption
where does the digestion of carbs start?
in the mouth, with saliva
which will affect your ability to absorb nutrients? SI or LI pathology?
SI
which valve is between SI and LI
iliosecal
inner lining of SI has _______ lined with ______ and ______ for increasing __________
crypts
villi
microvilli
increasing surface area
what part of LI is the appendix attached to?
cecum
which part of the LI comes before the rectum?
sigmoid
what does the LI mostly absorb?
water and electrolytes
how does too much salt cause diarrhea?
osmosis draws water into the LI
how does lactose cause diarrhea?
undigested lactose draws water into the LI via osmosis
how can a secretory disorder cause diarrhea?
if GB is removed, bile will drip into the SI
if no lipase is secreted, then fat will not be digested and stool will be oily
how can fast peristalsis create diarrhea?
not enough time to absorb water before it reaches LI
what is the definition of constipation?
less than 3 stools per week
what are the two main types/causes of constipation?
mechanical ileus and paralytic ileus
what is ileus?
a temporary lack of normal intestinal muscle contractions
mechanical ileus is caused by a _______
blockage
what can block up the LI?
tumor foreign body stricture fecal impaction volvulus intussusception inguinal hernia
what can cause paralytic ileus
IBS
stress
opioids
anaesthesia
what is paralytic ileus
when the peristalsis of the LI isn’t working
Are UC and chron’s examples of IBS or IBD?
IBD
who is disproportionately affected by IBD
women 20s-30s
what is the pattern associated with autoimmune diseases?
remission/exacerbation
what are s/s of ibd
diarrhea weight loss muscle twitching food avoidance bloating cramping
rash
arthritis
fever
uveitis (inflammation of the submucosa of the eyeball
UC vs. Chron’s: which one starts in the rectum and works its way up thru the colon?
UC
U for Up the rectum
UC vs Crohn’s: which one can be anywhere along the GI from esophagus to anus?
Crohn’s
UC vs Crohn’s: which one has skip lesions?
crohn’s because it goes from esophagus to anus and has more ground to cover
UC vs Crohn’s: which one has cobblestoning? why does cobblestoning occur?
crohn’s because it has stones to skip
it only takes place in the submucosal layer
UC vs Crohn’s: which one has blood in stool?
UC because the mucosal layer gets continuous lesions
what is the name for an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as what happens in IBD?
fistula
what are the three types of IBS?
constipation
diarrhea
alternating constipation and diarrhea
how is IBS diff from IBD
IBS is a motility disorder, usually d/t stress
what can cause diverticulosis?
straining to poop, especially with weak connective tissue
what’s the concern with diverticulosis?
rupture
What is it called when the appendix becomes inflamed and swollen and can perforate if not removed?
appendicitis
what can cause appendicitis
ipact, infection, fecal matter
what are the s/s of appendicitis
pain that starts at umbilicus and goes to lower right quadrant
fever, nausea, vomiting
how do you test for appendicitis?
rebound pressure (hurts more when you pull finger away) from mcburney’s point on abdomen
what happens if diverticulosis or appendix perforates?
peritonitis
septic shock
pathomechanism of celiac disease?
leaky gut allows gluten to inflame intestinal cells of duodenum. Our body then sees our own cells as foreign and autoimmune response occurs. SI become blunted and can’t absorb as well
Distinguishing sign/symptom of colon cancer
“pencil thin stool” caused by polyps creating narrow opening
common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet at the ______?
ampulla of vater
what is the other name for gallstones?
cholelithiasis/cholecystitis
what is the main component of cholelithiasis
cholesterol 80%
bile salts
bilirubin
what are the four risk factors for cholecystitis
fourty
female
fat
fertile
pain from cholelithiasis is worse after
eating fatty food
location of cholelithiasis pain? where will it radiate?
upper right quadrant
right shoulder
what symptom will result if a gallstone blocks the common bile duct?
jaundice
pathomechanism of pancreatitis. where will the pain be located?
sphincter of oddi spasms from alcoholism or gallstone blocks duct. the pancreatic enzymes start to auto-digest the pancreas. upper left quadrant pain that radiates to back
