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OLD "MBS 603" > Reproduction -- Exam 5 > Flashcards

Reproduction -- Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

If a gonad has a Y chromosome is the Wolffian duct or Mullerian duct developed to make testis?

A

Wollfian

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2
Q

Presence of ________ will cause regression of Mullerian duct if the gonad is a male

A

AMH

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3
Q

____ and ____ promotes development of the Wolffian duct if the gonad is a male

A

LH
hCG

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4
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to make the external male reproductive anatomy

A

5-alpha-reductase

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5
Q

What is the role of the seminiferous tubules in male reproduction?

A

gives rise to sperm

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6
Q

What is the role of Leydig cells in male reproduction?

A

makes testosterone

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7
Q

What is the role of Sertoli cells in male reproduction?

A

nurtures the sperm and makes the blood testis barrier

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8
Q

What are the 4 stage of sperm when undergoing spermatogenesis?

A
  1. spermatagonia
  2. spermatocytes
  3. spermatids
  4. spermatoza
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9
Q

What stage of spermogenesis do the sperm undergo two meiotic divisions to become haploid?

A

spermatocytes

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10
Q

Sertoli cells have sperm attached to them to nourish them but what else does it do in sperm development?

A

removes cytoplasm

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11
Q

Where does sperm maturation occur?

A

epididymus (above testis)

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12
Q

What is the acrosome of the sperm?

A

tip

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13
Q

Where is the first place the sperm go after being made in the seminiferous tubules?

A

epididymus

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14
Q

___________ is a precursor for estrogen

A

testosterone

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15
Q

What enzyme promotes testosterone to convert into estrogen?

A

aromatase

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16
Q

What hormone promotes aromatase to convert testosterone into estrogen?

A

FSH

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17
Q

When making testosterone, _____ enhances the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

A

LH

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18
Q

____ induces testosterone production by stimulating Laydig cells

A

LH

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19
Q

_______ stimulates spermatotgenesis by activating Sertoli cells

A

FSH

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20
Q

What hormone released by the anterior pituitary promotes LH and FSH secretion?

A

GnRH

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21
Q

Activated Sertoli cells secrete _______ that will inhibit secretion of FSH to enhance more testosterone production in males

A

inhibin

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22
Q

What hormone interacts with Leydig cells?

A

LH

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23
Q

What hormone interacts with Sertoli cells?

A

FSH

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24
Q

What is the role of seminal vesicles?

A

nourish sperm

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25
Q

What is the role of Bulbourethreal gland?

A

secretes fluid for lubrication and neutralizes acidic pH of urethra

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26
Q

What is the role of the prostate gland?

A

secretes fluid that neutralizes acid vaginal pH to increase sperm mobility

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27
Q

What is the phase for remembering stages of nutting?

A

Point and Shoot
P: parasympatheic
S: sympathetic

28
Q

What is the mechanism of erectile dysfunction pills?

A

Blocks PDE5 = high cGMP = relaxation of smooth muscles = increased blood flow

29
Q

If a gonad has a XX chromosome is the Wolffian duct or Mullerian duct developed?

A

Mullerian duct

30
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

fallopian tubues

31
Q

__________ is secreted to cause contractions of the myometrium to aid in fertilization

A

estrogen

32
Q

__________ can exert both negative and positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary to inhibit or stimulate FSH/LH

A

estrogen

33
Q

Gonadal hormones (FSH/LH) can act on the _______ pituitary and hypothalamus

A

anterior

34
Q

Just like in males, _____ promotes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

A

LH

35
Q

Just like in males, _____ promotes the conversion of testosterone to estrogen via aromatase

A

FSH

36
Q

E1 estrogen is known as the estrogen of …

A

menopause

37
Q

E3 estrogen is known as the estrogen of …

A

pregnancy

38
Q

During fetal development, oocytes are halted at meiosis ___ making it a primary oocyte

A

1

39
Q

When a oocyte is halted at meiosis 1 its a _______ oocyte

A

primary oocyte

40
Q

ALL FOLLICLES CONTAIN ___________ OOCYTES

A

primary

41
Q

What follicle is referred to as the “oocyte reserve”?

A

primordial follicle

42
Q

What is the difference betwen primordial and primary follicles

A

primary has a single layer of granulosa cells

43
Q

What is the role of granulosa cells for the follicle?

A

nourish and support

44
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary follicle?

A

secondary have theca cells and multiple layers of granulosa cells

45
Q

What is the role of theca cells covering secondary follicle?

A

responds to LH to produce testosterone–> estrogen

46
Q

______ oocytes are halted in meiosis 2

A

secondary

47
Q

Secondary oocytes are halted in meiosis 2 but what is required for this to happen?

A

graffian follicle ruptures

48
Q

______ stimulates follicular cells to transform into granulosa cells (characteristic of primary follicle)

A

FSH

49
Q

FSH stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to _________

A

estrogen

50
Q

_____ stimulates theca cells to synthesize androgens

A

LH

51
Q

What triggers resumption of meiosis in oocytes?

A

LH surge

52
Q

What is the left over follicle called after it’s ruptured?

A

corpus luteum

53
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce?

A

progestrone

54
Q

What is the most important hormone in the follicular phase?

A

FSH

55
Q

What is the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?

A
  1. follicular phase
  2. ovulation
  3. luteal phase
56
Q

As the follicular phase progresses, ________ is mainly produces

A

estrogen

57
Q

Why is estrogen mainly produced during the follicular phase?

A

thickens and vascularizes the endometrium

58
Q

What is the main hormone secreted during the luteal phase?

A

progestrone

59
Q

Why is progesterone the main hormone in the luteal phase?

A

tells myometrium to become still to make an easy environment for implantation

60
Q

Inhibin can reduce FSH secretion which is used to induce the ___ ________

A

LH surge

61
Q

During the midcycle estrogen switches to positive feedback to drive more GnRH and produce more inhibin to suppress FSH so the ____ _______ occurs and LH is now dominant

A

LH surge

62
Q

During the luteal phase __________ feedback to prevent FSH and LH secretion

A

progestrone

63
Q

Why does progesterone inhibit FSH and LH in the luteal phase?

A

prevent another ovulation too soon

64
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropins in women?

A

Theca cells
granulosa cells

65
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropins in males?

A

Ledig cells
Sertoli cells

66
Q

During menopause ___________ cells no longer make estrogen or inhibin

A

granulosa cells

OLD "MBS 603" (22 decks)

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