Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OLD "MBS 603" > Exam 4 Condensed NEW > Flashcards

Exam 4 Condensed NEW Flashcards

1
Q

How much glucose, amino acids, and carboxylates are reabsorbed in proximal tubule?

A

almost 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 2 mechanisms auto-regulate renal function?

A

myogenic mechanism
tubuloglomerular feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What drives the reabsorption of Na+ in the early proximal tubule?

A

negative Vte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Liddle Syndrome?

A

increases ENac activity

causes more Na+ reabsorption and high BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a loop diuretic?

A

inhibits Na/K/Cl co-transporter

targets thick ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What transporter reabsorbs NaCl in the distal tubule?

A

thiazide-sensitive NaCl co-transporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the most HCO3- reabsorbed?

A

proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fluid movement up the thick/thin ascending limb becomes more __________

A

diluted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is special about principle cells in the distal tubule?

A

Na+ reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What transporter reabsorbs NaCl in thick ascending limb?

A

Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 fates of H+ secreted in the lumen?

A
  1. make new HCO3- (combines with OH- to make water)
  2. secreted as a titratable acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the HCO3- pump and the H+ pump located on alpha-intercalated cells?

A

HCO3-: basolateral side
H+: apical side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cell type performs HCO3- secretion in the distal tubule?

A

beta-intercalated cells (HCO3-/Cl- exchanger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 2 ions are mainly transported paracellularly in the thick ascending limb?

A

Mg2+
Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 2 things are needed to make a concentrated urine?

A
  1. H2O permeable nephron segments
  2. hyper-osmotic medullary interstitum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 stimulators of ADH?

A

** 1. increased plasma osmolarity
2. decreased ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What transporter reabsorbs Na+ in principle cells of the collecting duct?

A

ENac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the osmotic equillibrium of the counter-current loop?

A

entering fluid is isosmotic but turns hyperosmotic as water is reabsorbed in tDLH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Increased filtration = increased tubule flow = ___________ reabsorption

A

increased reabsorption (increased osmotic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is most of the Ca2+ reabsorbed?

A

thick ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the single effect of the counter-current loop?

A

movement of NaCl out of ascending limb increases the osmolarity of interstitum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the thick ascending limb play a role in acid secretion?

A

Na+/HCO3- exchanger
- HCO3- reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cell type performs H+ secretion in the collecting duct/distal tubule?

A

alpha-intercalated cells (H+/K+ pump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What 3 segments of the nephron participate in acid secretion?

A

proximal tubule
thick ascending limb
cortical collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

increase water reabsorption by inserting more aquaporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the Vte of principle cells in the collecting ducts and why?

A

-40 mV

ENac is pulling Na+ out of lumen

27
Q

How does the early proximal tubule play a role in acid secretion?

A

Na/HCO3- exchanger
- HCO3- reabsorption

H+ secretion

28
Q

What’s the normal HCO3-?

A

24

29
Q

What is the Vte of beta-intercalated cells in the collecting duct and why?

A

-40 mV

HCO3- is being pumped into lumen via HCO3-/Cl- exchanger

30
Q

What is the Vte of the thick ascending limb and why?

A

+10 mV

lots of K+ channels pump K+ into lumen

31
Q

How does auto-regulation of renal function via the tubuloglomerular feedback work?

A

single nephron senses increase in lumenal NaCl (at macula densa)
increased constriction of arterioles
decreased GFR/RBF

32
Q

What is aldosterone’s affect on NaCl reabsorption?

A

increases

33
Q

What are the 2 steps to generating a hyperosmotic medullary interstitum?

A
  1. reabsorb H2O in tDLH
  2. reabsorb NaCl in TAL
34
Q

Does glutamine breakdown or urea formation make new HCO3-?

A

glutamine breakdown

35
Q

What are the 2 factors that affect GT balance?

A

peritubular factors (change in starling forces)
luminal factors (tubule flow

36
Q

What is Gitelman Syndrome?

A

defective thiazide-sensitive NaCl co-transporter

less NaCl reabsorption = more concentrated urine

37
Q

0

A

0

38
Q

What transporter do beta-intercalated cells use to transport Cl-?

A

HCO3-/Cl- exchanger

  • aids in HCO3- secretion
39
Q

What is the HCO3- pump and the H+ pump located on beta-intercalated cells?

A

HCO3-: apical side
H+: basolateral side

40
Q

What cells are affected by ADH?

A

principle cells

41
Q

What are 2 reasons kidneys excrete H+ into lumen?

A

reabsorb filtered HCO3-
excrete non-volatile acids

42
Q

hat’s the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in kidney function?

A

contains masala dense and aids in tubuloglomerulus feedback (autoregulation)

43
Q

What is the difference between Cl- transport in the early vs late proximal tubule?

A

early: only paracellular
late: trans and paracellular2

44
Q

What nephron segment is referred to as the “reabsorbed”?

A

proximal tubule

45
Q

What nephron segment “concentrates NaCl in the interstitum”?

A

loop of henle

46
Q

What segment of the nephron “tightly regulates solute/H2O reabsorption”

A

DT and CD

47
Q

What does the juxtaglomerulus release?

A

renin –> AT II

48
Q

Does the early or late PT have more complex cells?

A

early

49
Q

_____ reabsorption drives Cl- and H2O reabsorption in the PT

A

Na+

50
Q

How much K+ is reabsorbed in the PT?

A

67%

51
Q

How much Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the PT?

A

15%

52
Q

How much Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the TAL?

A

70%

53
Q

What part of the nephron contains the macala densa?

A

LH

54
Q

What 2 sections of the nephron have complex cells?

A

PT
TAL

55
Q

What section of the nephron has the most K+ channels on the apical side?

A

TAL

56
Q

Why is Mg2+ reabsorption dominant over Ca2+ in the TAL?

A

paracellin-1

57
Q

Does the DCT and CCT reabsorb both Na and Cl?

A

yes

58
Q

Do alpha or beta-intercalated cells reabsorbed Cl- and NOT Na+?

A

beta intercalated

59
Q

When ADH is present, does H2O permeability increase or decrease?

A

increase

60
Q

What transporter on alpha-intercalated reabsorbs K+?

A

H/K pump

61
Q

What is the HCO3- reabsorption channel in the TAL?

A

HCO3-/Cl-

62
Q

What is the HCO3- reabsorption channel in the PT?

A

HCO3-/Na+

63
Q

What is the H+ apical pump in the PT and TAL?

A

Na+/H+ pump

OLD "MBS 603" (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions