Exam 1 Condensed Flashcards
What is tonicity?
how is the cell affected
What is osmolarity?
concentration of solute in solution
Do apical and basal membranes have different number or same number of transporters?
different
Water moves to HIGH/LOW osmolarity (osm/L)?
high
Does epithelia have vascular or avascular properties?
avascular (nutrients via diffusion)
How do you calculate osmolarity?
moles x number of particles
Why does hyper-polarization happen?
slow K+ channels closing
If anti-diuretic hormone is inhibited then…
INCREASE/DECREASE in intracellular fluid
INCREASE/DECREASE in extracellular fluid
INCREASE/DECREASE in hematocrit
decrease
decrease
increase
Where is Na/K+ ATPase located?
basal or apical side
basalateral
Does epinepherine increase or decrease in cold?
increase
In the parasympathetic response does…
bronicals relax or constrict
bladder relax or constrict
pupils relax or constrict
bronicals constrict
bladder constrict
pupils constrict
What is the Fick’s equation?
Js=Ps Cs
What NS controls skeletal muscles
somatic
How do you calculate intersitial fluid?
ECF x 75%
Muscarinic receptors are METABOTROPIC or IONITROPIC
METABOTROPIC
Nicotonic receptors are METABOTROPIC or IONITROPIC
IONITROPIC
Are Muscarinic or Nicotinic receptors always excited?
nicotinic
What is more basic ICF or ECF?
ECF
What is Pc?
capillary hydrostatic pressure
What does the adrenal medualla release?
EPI and NEPI
What does the adrenal cortex release?
cortisol
In the sympathetic NS, does heart rate INCREASE or DECREASE?
increase
In the sympathetic NS, does blood vessels constrict or dilate?
constrict (causes increased BP)
In the sympathetic NS, does digestion INCREASE or DECREASE?
decreases
Blood vessels are under PSNS or SNS control?
SNS
What is an example of positive feed back?
hemorrhagic shock
What is the partition coefficent?
the more soluble in lipid a solute is the easier it passes the membrane
What is oncotic pressure?
osmotic pressure exerted by solute in blood capillaries
What are the 4 fluid compartments of the body?
ICF
ECF
plasma
specialized fluid
What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors?
muscarinic
nicotinic
alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are G___
Gq (activate)
alpha 2 adrenergic receptors are G___
Gi (inhibitory)
beta 1 adrenergic receptors are G___
Gs (activate)
Norepinephrine activates mainly ____ adrenergic receptors
alpha
PARASYMPATHETIC POST-ganglionic axons are short/long and myleinated/unmyleinated
unmyelinated
short
PARASYMPATHETIC PRE-ganglionic axons are short/long and myleinated/unmyleinated
myleinated
long
SYMPATHETIC POST-ganglionic axons are short/long and myleinated/unmyleinated
long
unmyelinated
SYMPATHETIC PRE-ganglionic axons are short/long and myleinated/unmyleinated
short
myleinated
sympathetic postganglionic axons release ___________
norepinephrine
Parasympathetic post-ganglionic axons release __________
acetylcholine
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons secrete _________
acetylcholine
What receptor does the parasympathetic NS use to recept post-ganglionic acetylcholine?
muscarinic receptor
What receptor does the sympathetic NS use to recept post-ganglionic norepinephrine?
adrenergic receptor
What receptor does the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS use to recept pre-ganglionic acetylcholine?
nicotinic receptor
Does the parasympathetic NS use acetylcholine or norepinephrine?
acetylcholine
