Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OLD "MBS 603" > Exam 5 Quizzes & Workshops > Flashcards

Exam 5 Quizzes & Workshops Flashcards

1
Q

Growth hormone exerts many of its effects through the stimulation of what liver produced mediator?

A

IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Growth hormone primarily stimulates growth of which tissue types?

A

bones and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormone inhibits the secretion of growth hormone?

A

somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Growth hormone follows a diurnal rhythm with the highest levels occurring during…

A

deep sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormone secreted from the hypothalamus stimulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone?

A

GHRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 2 factors increase the secretion of GHRH?

A

sleep and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IGF-1 primarily promotes bone lengthening by stimulating the activity of which cells?

A

chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the effect of growth hormone on blood glucose levels?

A

increase BG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Growth hormone is secreted and synthesized by which cell in the anterior pituitary?

A

somatotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does growth hormone directly or indirectly affect linear bone growth and how?

A

indirectly

IGF-1 does it directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does growth hormone directly or indirectly affect blood glucose levels?

A

directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_______ glycemia induces synthesis and secretion of GHRH and GH

A

hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is it important to check for thyroid function when someone has abnormally short stature?

A

thyroid hormone deficiency stunts bone lengthening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does growth hormone induce lipolysis or lipogenesis?

A

lipolysis

  • raise BG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If someone’s limbs were NOT proportional, would you suspect it to be hormonal, genetic, or chemical?

A

genetic
* ex: short legs but everything else is proportional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Overproduction of growth hormone can lead to excess production of _________

A

insulin

  • to uptake all the excess glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Growth hormone is in excess before closure of growth-epiphyseal plate in what condition?

A

Giantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is growth hormone referred to as “diabetogenic”?

A

raises BG

** opposes insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cell type produces parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid gland?

A

chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone?

A

raise blood Ca2+ levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of cortisol?

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What hormone stimulates the synthesis and release of T3 and T4?

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What hormone does the opposite of parathyroid hormone?

A

calcitonin

  • lowers Ca2+ levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What tissue is the PRIMARY target of parathyroid hormone?

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What tissue is the SECONDARY target of parathyroid hormone?

A

bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the consequence on Ca2+ levels if someone has hyperparathyroidism?

A

high Ca2+ levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The active form of Vitamin D that acts on target tissues is called…

A

calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the primary target tissue of active vitamin D in the body?

A

gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In the gut, calcitriol (active vitamin D) exerts its affects on the GI tract by increasing …

A

Ca2+ reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a good marker of bone turnover?

A

alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Calcitonin opposes the actions of what hormone?

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the role of parathyroid hormone in the gut?

A

(indirectly) regulates Ca2+ levels

  • vitamin D = reabsorbs Ca2+ and HPO3-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Humoral hypercalemia of malignancy is most commonly associated with the secretion of what hormone?

A

PTHrP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

FSH hormone acts on what cell in the testes?

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

FSH acts on what cell in the ovaries?

A

granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of PDE5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?

A

inhibition of breakdown of cGMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How does inhibin regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

A

provides negative feedback to anterior pituitary to reduce FSH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Inhibin reduces the secretion of what gonadal hormone?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

During which phase of the menstural cycle does estrogen levels peak?

A

ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How is so much estrogen able to be produced during ovulation?

A

estrogen suddenly switches from negative to positive feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How does estrogen affect the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

A

thickens and proliferates the endometrial lining

*estrogen establishes

42
Q

How does progesterone affect the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

A

maintains the endometrial lining in a secretory state

  • progesterone protects
43
Q

In human females, when does meiosis II complete during oogenesis?

A

fertilization

44
Q

What is the outcome of 2 mitotic divisions, in terms of chromosome numbers in terms of the gametes?

A

haploid cells with half the number of the parents

45
Q

Which cells make up the blood testes barrier?

A

sertoli cells

46
Q

Which stage of follicle development is characterized by the presence of a fluid filled cavity called the atrium?

A

graffian follicle

47
Q

Which structure produces testosterone in the response to LH stimulation?

A

leydig cells

  • both L
48
Q

What is the main function of FSH in males?

A

increase expression of androgen-binding protein (ABP) by Sertoli cells

  • ABP keeps testosterone high to support spermatogenesis
49
Q

_________ feedback to anterior pituitary to inhibit FSH

A

inhibins

50
Q

What is the role of FSH in ovaries?

A

stimulate growth and development of follicles

51
Q

What hormone thickens and vascularizes the uterine lining?

A

progesterone

  • progesterone protects
52
Q

What structure is produces progesterone in response to LH after ovulation?

A

corpus luteum

53
Q

What phase does the corpus lutem develop and start producing progesterone?

A

luteal phase

54
Q

What organ is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis?

A

liver

  • glycogen stimulated
55
Q

What tissue requires insulin for glucose entry into the cell?

A

muscle and adipose

56
Q

Ketone body formation increases under what physiological conditions?

A

prolonged fasting

57
Q

What nervous system will promote insulin secretion?

A

parasympathetic

58
Q

Does reduced free fatty acids result in glucagon or insulin secretion?

A

glucagon

  • fasting state
59
Q

What is the function of metformin?

A

reduces glucose production by targeting liver gluconeogenesis

60
Q

What is the action of GLP-1 agonist?

A

enhances insulin secretion and promotes satiety

61
Q

What is the role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in insulin secretion?

A

promote insulin release by depolarizing cell

62
Q

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

A

Decrease blood glucose levels

63
Q

During fasting, which hormone increases to stimulate the release of glucose from glycogen stores?

A

glucagon

64
Q

In type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys…

A

Beta-cells

65
Q

Which medication class is traditionally used as first-line therapy for managing type 2 diabetes?

A

metformin

66
Q

What is a common long-term complication of poorly managed type 2 diabetes?

A

neuropathy

67
Q

During fasting, which hormone increases to stimulate the release of glucose from glycogen stores?

A

Glucagon

68
Q

What is the primary function of glycogen in the human body?

A

To act as a short-term energy reserve during fasting or exercise

69
Q

GLUT-4 is primarily regulated by which hormone?

A

Insulin

70
Q

Why is C-peptide measurement important in patients with diabetes?

A

It provides an assessment of endogenous insulin production

71
Q

Hormones from the hypothalamus enter the blood stream of the pituitary gland at the _______ _______

A

median eminence

72
Q

List the hormones are released from the pituitary gland?

A
  1. ACTH
  2. TSH
  3. GH
  4. LH/FSH
73
Q

What 2 hormones can act as inhibitors for TSH?

A

somatostatin and dopamine

74
Q

Where are androgens released from in the adrenal gland?

A

zone 3

75
Q

Where is epinephrine released from in the adrenal gland?

A

adrenal medulla

76
Q

What hormone is secreted with ADH to support water reabsorption?

A

aldosterone

77
Q

What cells in the adrenal medulla release epinephrine?

A

chromaffin cells

78
Q

What hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

A

LH

79
Q

What hormone inhibits FSH release?

A

inhibin

80
Q

What hormone stimulates Sertoli cells to promote spermatogenesis?

A

FSH

81
Q

What pituitary hormone can inhibit GnRH release?

A

FSH

if there is already plenty of LH/FSH

82
Q

What hormone is required for spermatogenesis?

A

testosterone

83
Q

What hormone stimulates the conversion of testosterone to estradiol in the presence of aromatase?

A

FSH

84
Q

What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum?

A

progesterone

85
Q

What hormone promotes thickening of the endometrium during the follicular phase?

A

estrogen

86
Q

What hormone inhibits FSH release during the mid-cycle?

A

inhibin

87
Q

What hormone promotes relaxation of the myometrium during the luteal phase?

A

progesterone

88
Q

What hormone inhibits GnRH/FSH/LH release during the follicular phase?

A

estrogen

89
Q

What hormone promotes thickening of the endometrium during the luteal phase?

A

progesterone

90
Q

What hormone stimulates GnRH/FSH/LH release during mid-cycle?

A

estrogen

91
Q

What hormone is dominant and released from the anterior pituitary during the follicular phase?

A

FSH

92
Q

LH induces testosterone production by stimulating _______ cells

A

Leydig

93
Q

FSH stimulates spermatogenesis by activating _____ cells

A

sertoli

94
Q

Which stage of life is testosterone the highest?

A

adulthood

95
Q

Lack of _______ inhibits wolffian duct differentiation

A

testosterone

96
Q

All primary oocytes are frozen in _________ I until they are ovulated, and all secondary oocytes are frozen in ___________ II until they are fertilized

A

prophase I; metaphase II

97
Q

What is the main role of each of these?
hypothalamus:
pituitary:
thyroid:
parathyroid:
adrenal cortex:
adrenal medulla:
gonads:
pancreas:

A

hypothalamus: control center
pituitary: master gland
thyroid: metabolism
parathyroid: Ca2+
adrenal cortex: steroids (cortisol, aldosterone)
adrenal medulla: epinephrine
gonads: testosterone, estrogen, progesterone
pancreas: insulin, glucagon

98
Q

What is the general role of theca cells and leydig cells?

A

produce androgens

99
Q

What hormone is involved with theca and leydig cells?

A

LH

100
Q

What hormone is involved with granulosa and sertoli cells?

A

FSH

101
Q

What are the mane and female counterparts for the different gondaotrophs?

A

leydig cells – theca cells

sertolli cells – granulosa cells

OLD "MBS 603" (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions