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OLD "MBS 603" > Exam 5 Final > Flashcards

Exam 5 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Rise in intracellular ______ releases peptide/protein hormones via exocytosis

A

Ca2+

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2
Q

Only the ___________ pituitary uses releasing hormones from the hypothalamus

A

anterior

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3
Q

What does dopamine inhibit?

A

prolactin

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4
Q

What is the affect of blood glucose in response to GH?

A

increase BG

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5
Q

When in development is GH secreted?

A

only AFTER birth

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6
Q

What are the 4 roles of GH?

A
  1. linear growth
  2. decreased fat
  3. increased muscle
  4. stimulate immune system
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7
Q

What hormone is very important for in utero developnment?

A

insulin

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8
Q

How does GH induce linear bone growth?

A

stimulates IGFs (somatomedins) which will stimulate chondrocytes to lengthen bone

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9
Q

What cell type do IGFs stimulate for linear growth?

A

chondrocytes

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10
Q

What is the target organ of growth hormone?

A

liver

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11
Q

What does GH DIRECTLY affect?

A

increases production of IGF-1

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12
Q

What 2 things can inhibit GH?

A
  1. itself
  2. IGFs on the hypothalamus
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13
Q

What is the main role of thyroid hormone?

A

increase metabolism

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14
Q

T___ is able to inhibit TRH and TSH

A

T4

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15
Q

What cells produce calcitonin?

A

C cells (parathyroid)

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16
Q

What is the role of calcitonin?

A

inhibits osteoclasts from destroying bone

  • opposite of PTH
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17
Q

In hypothyroidism, what are the levels of T3, T4, and TSH?

A

T3 and 4: decrease
TSH: increase

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18
Q

In hyperthyroidism, what are the levels of T3, T4, and TSH?

A

T3 and 4: increase
TSH: decrease

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19
Q

What is the transporter that brings iodide out of the cell?

A

pendrin

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20
Q

What enzyme does deiodination?

A

TPX

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21
Q

What is a short loop feed back?

A

pituitary hormones inhibiting hypothalamus

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22
Q

What is a long loop feedback?

A

target organ’s hormone feeds back to hypothalamus

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23
Q

What is the role of parathyroid hormone?

A

increase Ca2+
lowers HPO3-

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24
Q

Where does PTH act?

A

kidneys **
gut
bones

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25
Q

How does PTH raise Ca2+ levels using the bones?

A

stimulates osteoBLASTS which stimulate osteoCLASTS to break down bone

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26
Q

High levels of Ca2+ and HPO3- stimulate which form of Vitamin D?

A

24,25-OH-D3
(inactive)

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27
Q

What cell type produces PTH?

A

chief cells

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28
Q

What is special about chief cell’s Gq receptor?

A

high intracellular Ca2+ actually inhibits the release of PTH

29
Q

What can bind to osteoblasts?

A

PTH, Vit D3, estrogen

30
Q

What can bind to osteoclasts?

A

calcitonin
* inhibits osteoclast function

31
Q

What is another name for vitamin D deficiency?

A

rickets

32
Q

What zone is “glomerulosa” and what does it produce?

A

zone 1; aldosterone

33
Q

What zone is “fasciculata” and what does it produce?

A

zone 2; cortisol

34
Q

What zone is “reticularis” and what does it produce?

A

zone 3: androgens

35
Q

What is produces in the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine

36
Q

What enzyme does zone 1 and 2 both share?

A

21-hydroxylase

37
Q

What is the last enzyme in zone 1 that is controlled by ATII?

A

P450 aldosterone synthase

38
Q

What is the role of cortisol?

A

combats stress and raises BS

39
Q

What 2 hormones are diabetogenic?

A

GH and cortisol
* raise BS

40
Q

What kind of tissue is the adrenal medulla made of?

A

neural tissue

41
Q

What is the precursor for epinephrine?

A

tyrosine

42
Q

What are the steps to taking epinephrine?

A

tyrosine —> DOPA –> NOREPI —> EPI

43
Q

What cells in the adrenal medulla is epinephrine made in?

A

chromaffin cells

44
Q

What enzyme converts tyrosine —> DOPA when making epinephrine?

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

45
Q

___________ aids in the conversion of NOREPI –> EPI

A

cortisol

46
Q

___________ builds the endometrium up

A

estrogen

47
Q

___________ maintains the endometrium

A

progestrone

48
Q

What does the LH surge cause in regards to the follicle?

A

rupture of the graffian follicle

49
Q

__________ and __________ can both long loop negatively feedback in the menstural cycle

A

estrogen
progesterone

50
Q

Why does progesterone negatively feed back during the luteal phase?

A

prevent another ovulation too soon

51
Q

Why does estrogen negatively feed back during the follicular phase?

A

prevent overproduction of estrogen

52
Q

Why does estrogen positively feed back during the mid-cycle?

A

drives more GnRH to produce more inhibin so FSH is inhibited but FH largely increases

53
Q

______ increases P450 Scc in theca cells to produce progenenolone

A

LH

54
Q

______ increases activity of armotase to convert testosterone into estradiol

A

FSH

55
Q

Why are there no mature oocytes until ovulation?

A

hide from immune system

56
Q

During menopause what is the affect on the follicle?

A

destroyed

57
Q

During menopause what is the affect on estogrogen?

A

no production

58
Q

During menopause what is the affect on FSH and LH levels?

A

continue to rise

59
Q

During menopause what is the affect on andorgens?

A

still present

60
Q

If gamete has XY chromosomes, _____ is secreted to prevent maturation of the mullerian duct

A

AMH

61
Q

If gamete has XY chromosomes, ____________ is secreted to promote development of internal anatomy

A

testosterone

62
Q

Role of Leydig cells?

A

testosterone production (LH)

63
Q

Role of Sertoli cells?

A

spermatogenesis (FSH)

64
Q

What is the role of androgen binding protein (ABP)?

A

drive testosterone into cell for spermatogenesis

65
Q

Semen is made of _______ + ___________-

A

sperm + seminal fluid

66
Q

What is the role of the seminal vesicle?

A

nourish sperm

67
Q

What is the role of prostate gland?

A

prevents coagulation and neutralizes pH of vagina

68
Q

What is the role of bulbourethral gland?

A

lubrication and neutralizes pH of urethra

OLD "MBS 603" (22 decks)

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