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Pharmacology > Repro Pharm > Flashcards

Repro Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of leuprolide?

A

GnRH analog with agonist (pulsatile) and antagonist (continuous) properties

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2
Q

How does leuprolide work continuously?

A

Downregulates GnRH receptors in pituitary decreasing FSH/LH

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3
Q

Uses of leuprolide?

A

1) Pulsatile = infertility

2) Continuous = prostate cancer (with flutamide), uterine fibroids, precocious puberty

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4
Q

AEs of leuprolide?

A

Antiandrogen, N/V, hot flashes, mood lability, vaginal dryness (dyspareunia)

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5
Q

MOA of testosterone, methyltestosterone?

A

Agonist at androgen receptors

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6
Q

Uses of testosterone?

A

1) Hypogonadism
2) Promotes secondary sex characteristics
3) Stimulates anabolism for burns or injuries

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7
Q

AEs of testosterone?

A

Masculinization in females, reduces intratesticular testosterone in males causing gonadal atrophy and azoospermia, premature closure of epiphyseal plates

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8
Q

What does testosterone do to lipids?

A

Increases LDL, decreases HDL

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9
Q

What are the antiandrogens?

A

1) Finasteride
2) Flutamide
3) Ketoconazole
4) Spironolactone

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10
Q

MOA of finasteride?

A

5a-reductase inhibitor

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11
Q

MOA of flutamide?

A

Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at testosterone receptors

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12
Q

MOA of ketoconazole?

A

Inhibits steroid synthesis (inhibits 17,20-desmolase)

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13
Q

MOA of spironolactone?

A

Inhibits steroid binding

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14
Q

Uses for finasteride?

A

BPH, male pattern baldness

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15
Q

Uses for flutamide?

A

Prostate cancer

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16
Q

Uses for ketoconazole and spironolactone?

A

Prevent hirsutism in PCOS

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17
Q

AEs of antiandrogens?

A

Gynecomastia galactorrhea, sexual dysfunction

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18
Q

Uses for ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol?

A

1) Hypogonadism or ovarian failure
2) Menstrual irregularities
3) HRT in postmenopausal women
4) Androgen-dependent prostate cancer

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19
Q

AEs of estrogens?

A

Endometrial cancer, postmenopausal bleeding, clear cell adeno with DES, thrombosis

20
Q

What are the contraindications of estrogens?

A

ER+ breast cancer, hx of DVTs

21
Q

MOA of clomiphene?

A

Partial agonist at ERs in hypothalamus, prevents normal feedback inhibition and increases release of LH/FSH which stimulates ovulation

22
Q

Uses of clomiphene?

A

Infertility in PCOS

23
Q

AEs of clomiphene?

A

Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies, visual disturbance

24
Q

MOA of tamoxifen?

A

Antagonist in breast, agonist in endometrium

25
Q

Uses of tamoxifen?

A

Tx and prevent recurrence of ER+ breast cancer

26
Q

MOA of raloxifene?

A

Agonist in bone reducing bone resorption–used in osteoporosis

27
Q

Uses for HRT?

A

1) Relief or prevention of menopausal sxs

2) Osteoporosis

28
Q

AEs of HRT?

A

Increased risk of endometrial cancer (gotta add progesterone if they have a uterus), possible CV risk

29
Q

Aromatase inhibitors?

A

Anastrozole, exemstane

30
Q

Uses for aromatase inhibitors?

A

Postmenopausal women with breast cancer (adjuvant therapy, 2nd line)

31
Q

MOA of progestins?

A

Reduces growth and increase vascularization of endometrium

32
Q

Uses of progestins?

A

1) OCPs
2) Endometrial cancer
3) Abnormal uterine bleeding

33
Q

MOA of mifepristone (RU-486)?

A

Competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors

34
Q

Uses of mifepristone?

A

Termination of pregnancy (with misoprostol)

35
Q

AEs of mifepristone?

A

Heavy bleeding, GI, abdominal pain

36
Q

MOA of OCPs?

A

1) Combo inhibits LH/FSH and thus prevents estrogen surge inhibiting ovulation
2) Progestins cause cervical mucus thickening and inhibits endometrial proliferation

37
Q

Contraindications of OCPs?

A

Smokers >35, hx of TE and stroke, hx of estrogen-dependent tumor, hypertriglyceridiemia, liver dz

38
Q

What do OCPs decrease the risk of?

A

1) Ovarian tumors

2) Endometrial tumors

39
Q

Terbutaline?

A

B2-agonist that relaxes uterus to tx premature contractions

40
Q

MOA of tamsuloson?

A

Alpha-1 blocker to tx BPH and HTN

41
Q

Dinoprostone?

A

PGE2 agonist that causes cervical softening, dilation, stimulates contractions

42
Q

Misoprostol?

A

PGE1 agonist that causes cervical softening, stimulates contractions, tx for postpartum hemorrhage or induced abortion

43
Q

MOA of sildenafil and vardenafil?

A

Inhibits PDE5 causing increase in cGMP, SM relaxation in corpus cavernosum, increasing blood flow

44
Q

AEs of PDE5 inhibitors?

A

HA, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue green vision, risk of life-threatening hypotension with nitrates

45
Q

MOA of danazol?

A

Synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors, suppresses LF/FSH and ovarian estrogen release (brings about a state of medical menopause)

46
Q

Uses for danazol?

A

1) Endometriosis

2) Hereditary angioedema

47
Q

AEs of danazol?

A

Weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, decreased HDL, hepatotoxicity

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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