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Pharmacology > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Rapid acting drugs?

A

Lispro, aspart, glulisine

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2
Q

Short acting drug?

A

Regular

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3
Q

Intermediate drugs?

A

NPH

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4
Q

Long acting drugs?

A

Glargine, determir

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5
Q

MOA of insulins?

A

Bind insulin receptors (tyrosine kinase activity) causing the usual effects of insulin

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6
Q

How do you tx life-threatening hyperkalemia?

A

Insulin

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7
Q

AEs of insulin?

A

Hypoglycemia–nervousness, shaky, tachycardia, sweating

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8
Q

Increases insulin secretion?

A

Oral sulfonylureas

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9
Q

MOA of oral sulfonylureas?

A

Close K channel in B-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via high Ca influx

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10
Q

Uses of OS?

A

ONLY T2DM, not T1DM (requires functioning B-cells)

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11
Q

AEs of OS?

A

Disulfiram-reaction (first gen OS), hypoglycemia (second gen OS), pruritis, SIADH

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12
Q

Insulin sensitizers?

A

1) Metformin

2) PPAR-g receptor activators

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13
Q

MOA of metformin?

A

Decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases peripheral glucose uptake

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14
Q

1st line drug for T2DM?

A

Metformin

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15
Q

AEs of metformin?

A

GI upset, lactic acidosis (contraindicated in renal failure)

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16
Q

MOA of PPAR-g receptor activators?

A

By activating PPAR-g nuclear receptors, adiponectin is increased which decreases resistance to insulin

17
Q

AEs of PPAR-g receptor activators?

A

Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity (check LFTs!), heart failure

18
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Acarbose, miglitol

19
Q

MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Inhibits intestinal brush border a-glucosidases, delays sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption, decreases postprandial hyperglycemia

20
Q

AEs of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

GI disturbances

21
Q

MOA of pramlintide?

A

Decreases glucagon

22
Q

AEs of pramlintide?

A

Hypoglycemia, GI problems

23
Q

GLP-1 analogs?

A

Exenatide, liraglutide

24
Q

MOA of GLP-1 analogs?

A

Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release, decreases gastric emptying, increases satiety

25
Q

AEs of GLP-1 analogs?

A

N/V, pancreatitis

26
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors?

27
Q

MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

28
Q

AEs of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

Mild UTIs and URIs

29
Q

Thiazolidinediones (PPAR-g receptor activators)?

A

-glitazone

30
Q

Drugs causing hypoglycemia?

A

1) Insulins
2) Oral sulfonylurea
3) Pramlintide

31
Q

Oral sulfonylureas?

A

1) 1st gen = tolbutamide, chlorpropamide

2) 2nd gen = glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide

32
Q

Normal function of DPP-4?

A

Degradates incretins (GLP-1)

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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