Antibiotics Flashcards
Inhibits formation of initiation complex, causing misreading of mRNA?
Aminoglycosides
Prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to acceptor site?
Tetracyclines
Inhibits peptidyl transferase (EZ responsible for incorporating new amino acid into growing peptide strand)?
Chloramphenicol
Blocks aminoacyl-tRNA complex translocation step?
Macrolides
Blocks initiation complex formation and inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA complex translocation step?
Clindamycin
PABA analogue, competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase?
SMX
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolic acid reductase?
TMP
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor causing hemolytic anemia?
Penicillin
Clavulanic acid?
Inactivates B-lactamases–added to ampicillin, amoxicillin
B-lactamase resistant due to bulkier structure?
Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
Tazobactam?
Inactivates B-lactamases–added to ticarcillin
Monocyclic B-lactam ring?
Aztreonam
Used in pts allergic to penicillin or in pts who are renally insufficient?
Aztreonam
Causes seizures?
Imipenem
Inhibits renal dihydropeptidase I?
Cilastatin–added to impenem
AEs of cephalosporins?
HSR, disulfiram-like rxn, nephrotoxicity
AEs of aminoglycosides?
Nephro, oto, and teratogen
Require O2 for uptake?
Aminoglycosides
Endocarditis prophylaxis before dental procedures in pts with valvular heart dz?
Clindamycin
Causes C. diff colitis?
Clindamycin, ampicillin
Alternative tx for bacterial meningitis?
Chloramphenicol
Causes myelosuppression (anemia, aplastic anemia)?
Chloramphenicol
Cause of gray baby?
Lack of UDP-glucuronyl transferase in newborn liver
Diphtheria tx?
Macrolides
Tx for atypcial pneumonia?
Macrolides, doxycycline
Chlamydia tx?
Macrolides, doxycycline
Inhibits CYP450?
Erythromycin
Cholera tx?
Doxycycline
Lyme dz tx?
Doxycycline
RMSF tx?
Doxycycline
Inhibited by divalent cations?
Tetracyclines
SIADH tx?
Demeclocycline
Competitive antagonist at V2 receptors?
Demeclocycline
Pneumocystis pneumonia tx?
TMP-SMX
UTI tx?
TMP-SMX
Kernicterus in newborns?
TMP-SMX
Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II?
Fluoroquinolones
Tx for recurrent UTIs?
Nitrofurantoin
Binds D-ala D-ala terminus, inhibiting transglycosylase?
Vancomycin
Increases permeability of cell membrane to polar molecules?
Polymyxins
Metabolized by bacteria into reduced reactive compounds that cause cell death?
Metronidazole
C. diff colitis tx?
Metronidazole
Giardiasis tx?
Metronidazole
Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
Rifampin
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid?
Isoniazid
Prophylax against TB?
Isoniazid
Causes peripheral neuropathy, must give B6?
Isoniazid
Dapsone MOA?
PABA antagonist inhibiting folic acid synthesis
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase?
Ethambutol
M. leprae tx?
Dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine